VOLUME 1. 



ROCHESTER, JULY 16, 1831. 



NUMBER 28. 



PUBLISHED BY Ii. TUCKER. &. CO. 



At tl\e Office of the Daily Advertiser. 

 Terms— J2.50 per annum, or 



$'2,00 if paid in advance. 



N. GOOD3ELL, EDITOR. 



HARVESTING GRAIN. 

 We find that more people are disposed to read 

 articles which relate to the present time, than to 

 (he past or future. Our wheat fields already be- 

 gin to remind us that the time for harvesting is at 

 hand. The time is an interesting one to farmers 

 who are watching their fields with anxiety. It 

 sometimes happens that in the course of a few 

 days their hopes are cut off, and that instead of 

 tilling their barns with valuable grain,they scarce- 

 ly realize enough to pay the expense of harvest- 

 ing. Although the prospects are not as favorable 

 this season as usual, with regard to wheat in our 

 neighborhood, they are far from discouraging. — 

 The Hessian fly has done considerable damage, 

 and from the continuation of warm damp weath- 

 er, many pieces of wheat are injured by the rust. 

 With regard to the proper time for cutting Rye 

 and Wheat, much has been published in works 

 on Agriculture, and we believe it is now general- 

 ly admitted that grains designed for bread stuffs 

 are better when cut early than when allowed to 

 stand until over ripe or until the stock becomes 

 quite dry. It is held that the skin of wheat that 

 is cut early is not as thick as that which is allow- 

 ed to stand and dry upon the stalk, and that it will 

 o-ive a greater proportion of flour. Many people 

 suppose that wheat which is cut before the ker- 

 nel gets s hard,will shrink on drying. This is not,to 

 a certain extent, the case. We have seen wheat 

 out when the kernels were so soft as to be easily 

 mashed between the fingers, which after drying 

 was as plump as that from the same field, which 

 was allowed to stand until it became dry. This 

 subject should be fairly understood by every farm- 

 er, as on commencing his harvesting a few d?ys 

 in advance, he will be able to do his work with a 

 !ess number of hands, which at this season are in 

 ^reat demand. It has been a received opinion 

 hat all kinds of seeds for planting or sowing 

 should be fully ripe ; but some experiments made 

 by a friend of ours, goes much toward confuting 

 this theory. His experiments were made with 

 Indian com, and he gave the preference to that 

 which was picked as soon as the kernels had be- 

 come glazed, or too hard for boiling. He assured 

 rts that after several experiments he found that 

 corn which was picked early, when planted, not 

 only came up one day earlier, but that the plants 

 Had a more thrifty appearance. We do not know 

 why the same rule will not apply to wheat. This 

 ieason may particularly invite to early cutting of 

 the wheat harvest, as many pieces are more or 

 '.ess attacked with the rust, and we believe that 

 such wheat would often be as plump if cut as 

 soon as attacked, as when allowed to stand until 

 fully ripe ; and if so, i. is evident that the quality 

 Would be much better in the former case. But 

 his should be determined by the extent of the 

 rust, the state of the weather, and the age and 

 growth of the wheat. 



As Ihe rust appears to be a parasitic plant, which 

 •nftrs mot in, and draws its nourishment from the 



stalks of wheat, the humidity of the atmos- 

 phere seems essential to its growth ; therefore, 

 wheat of a rank growth, where the pores of the 

 stalks are more open and shaded, the rust increa- 

 ses with more rapidity, than where the growth is 

 slower, and the stalks not so thickly set. When 

 the weather is comparatively cool, the rust docs 

 not increase with the same rapidity as when war- 

 mer, and grounds in an open and airy situation 

 are not as subject to it as those in low pent up 

 situations. 



The objections which were formerly made a- 

 gainst cutting grain early, viz : " that it was more 

 difficult to thresh," is now done away by the in- 

 troduction of threshing machines j and the straw 

 for feeding to cattle, particularly oat straw, is 

 much better for being cut early. Therefore we 

 invite the attention of farmers to the subject. 



tabaga, said to be a fine late keeping turnip, but 

 we have not seen it growing. To those who only 

 cultivate small pieces, we would recommend to 

 sow them in drills, and to hoe them, as they may 

 then be sown thick, and pulled out when hoed, 

 after the small insects have done eating them. — 

 By this method there is more certainty of a crop., 

 than when sown at broad cast. 



DIFFERENT KINDS OF WHEAT. 

 We again invite the Farmers of Old Gene 

 see to make observations upon the different 

 kinds of wheat cultivated by them, particularly 

 where they have more than one kind growing in 

 the same field, where the cultivation has been the 

 same, and a similarity in soil. Should they com- 

 mence those observations during harvest, it is ho- 

 ped that the subject of profit from sowing various 

 kinds of wheat, may be fairly made known be- 

 fore the next seeding time. We shall be glad to 

 receive communications from practical men as to 

 the time of ripening, quantity of straw and wheat, 

 whether and how it was affected by the rust or 

 Hessian fly ; in short, all the particulars that 

 would be desirable to communicate to those who 

 are wishing to cultivate the most profitable varie- 

 ty, and thus to give each reader the benefit of the 

 experiments of others. 



TURNIPS. 

 Turnips are rather an uncertain crop , but when 

 the sowing of them is attended with success, they 

 are profitable to a certain extent, and add much to 

 the variety of the table. Farmers should not for- 

 get the old adage — 



'The twenty-fifth of July 

 Sow Turnips— wet or dry." 



As this time, which has been found to corres- 

 pond with this climate.is at hand, those who have 

 land calculated for this crop, might devote some 

 wet day during haying or harvest to the prepara- 

 tion of a small piece of ground, to advantage 



We find the crop to succeed best upon new land 

 which is of a deep black soil, rather damp than 

 otherwise. Next to this, sward land which has 

 lain several years in grass of good strength of soil 

 is to be preferred. If such soil is free from stone 

 and roots, and can be turned over flat with the 

 plow, it is desirable. After which it may be made 

 fine upon the top, with the drag, which often 

 proves as well for the crop as when the ground is 

 made fine by cross plowing. The kinds of 

 turnips we would recommend for sowing are, The 

 White Globe, Tankard, Norfolk and flat Malta. 

 The latter is a yellow turnip, with a firm flesh, 

 and keeps late, and is one of the handsomest va- 

 rieties we have seen, and seems well adapted to 

 this climate. There is also a new hibrid turnip, 

 which is a cross between the. Globe and the Ru- 



HORSES SLOBBERING. 

 At litis season of the year, when the weather is 

 warm, and the earth moist, horses feeding in pas- 

 tures are often salivated to that extent that it ren- 

 ders it very disagreeable being near them, and 

 instead of gaining flesh they lose it very fast. — 

 The cause of this salivation has been ascribed to 

 their eating a plant which grows in moist ground, 

 called Labclia. We conclude this is not the caust 

 of this complaint, as we do not know of any an- 

 imals but Quacks who are fond of it. If this was 

 the true cause of it, why do not horses slobber in 

 dry cool weather, when the grasses are not grow- 

 ing as rapidly, or even in damp weather, when 

 feeding in pastures newly stocked down with tim- 

 othy grass. If a horse, which is troubled with 

 this complaint, is turned into such pasturage, the 

 complaint is soon stopped. The salivation is un- 

 doubtedly produced by eating white clover when 

 it is very full of juice j and changing the food is 

 the proper preventive. A baiting of hay or oats 

 in common cases will answer, or in extreme ones 

 change the pasture as mentioned before, and it 

 will soon cease. 



INOCULATING. 

 During this month Horticulturists should at- 

 tend to inoculating their cherries. As this fruit 

 ripens early, the wood also makes a correspond- 

 ing growth, and those who wish to succeed well 

 in cultivating them by inoculation, should do it 

 early in July, and be careful to select wood buds, 

 which may be known by their shape, as they are 

 not as round as flower buds, which if set would 

 only produce short spurs. 



RAIN AT THE SOUTH. 



From the swollen and muddy appearance of our 

 River, there must have been heavy showers in the 

 counties at the south lying on the Genesee. The 

 Dansville paper states, that the weather has been 

 wet for three weeks past, and fears are entertain- 

 ed that the wheat will rust. The Geneseo Regis- 

 ter states, " there is a great want of laborers to se- 

 cure the abundant crops of hay and wheat ; and, 

 that there are fears that without help is speedily 

 obtained, some of the grain will return again to 

 the ground." We are also fearful, that the very 

 hot weather now prevailing, will make bad work 

 among lodged grain. We are also not without, 

 our fears, that the lots of funds put into the pock- 

 ets of the fanners for the last year's crop, by the 

 Millers, will make too many gentlemen farmers, 

 for the successful prosecution of agricultural oper- 

 ations. Does not Poor Richard say, — 



" He that by the Plough would thrive, 

 Himself must either hold or drive." 



100 steam engines are now in operation in Phi 

 ladelphia city and Liberties, 60 of which are driv- 

 en by anthracite cogl. 



