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VOLUME I. 



ROCHESTER, AUGUST 20, 1831. 



DUMBER 33. 



PUBLISHED BY i. TUCKER &. CO. 



At the Office of (be Daily Advertiser. 

 Terms— $'2.50 per annum or 



$2 00 if paid in advance. 



N. G0003ELL. EDITOR. 



SMALL WORKS FOR AUGUST. 

 During this month the prudent and economi- 

 cal farmer will find his cares to multiply. There 

 are a great many things to be attended to this 

 month, which taken separately appear trifling, 

 but when taken in the aggregate amount to a con- 

 sideration equal to the ruin or thrift of a comfort- 

 able farming interest. Weeds are springing up 

 in improved lands or those under tillage ; these, 

 as far as can be done without injury to the crops, 

 should be destroyed,and there are but few crops but 

 what will be benefitted by the operation. Weeds 

 are not only injurious to the present crops, but if 

 allowed to ripen then- seeds they lay the founda- 

 tion for an increase of the evil the succeeding 

 year. Grounds about barns and sheds should be 

 looked to, as in such places noxious weeds are 

 apt to increase if not cut often. Many of the 

 seeds of garden vegetables ripen this month, and 

 require to be gathered in season, in order that the 

 best in quality which generally ripen first, may 

 not be lost. It will be found that with carrots and 

 parsnips, the best seeds are those upon the cen- 

 tre umbels, and as those ripen some time in ad- 

 vance of the others, they should be cut out as 

 soon as they begin to change color, and when 

 people have small gardens, keep them separate 

 for their own sowing. In order, to have large 

 seeds upon beets the points of the shoots 

 shoutd be pinched off when they are about one 

 foot long. Peas should be gathered and their 

 stalks put with the compost in the yard or where 

 there are large crops they may be thrashed and 

 the stalks stacked or put upon the sheds to be 

 scattered in the yard during winter, when sheep 

 will feed well upon them. Do the most part of 

 your budding this month, and be careful to save the 

 seeds of such fruits as are ate in the family ; let 

 each parcel be labeled that the quality at the time 

 of planting may be known. Gather herbs for 

 medicinal and culinary use, let them be dried in 

 the shade as they preserve their color better. — 

 Prepare grounds for sowing onions the last of this 

 ;nonth to stand over winter, as by so doing you 

 will have them early. Lettuce should also be 

 sown the last of this months on beds of a southern 

 aspect, that the plants may have an early start in 

 the spring Early York cabbage, and cauliflow- 

 ers should be sown about the same time, and spin- 

 age. Seed wheat should be prepared,during which 

 operation, do not lull yourselves to sleep, by the 

 vulgar error that wheat changes to chess, but see 

 thatit is all separated; and when your lambs change 

 into pigs, say it is as easy for wheat to change to 

 chess : but until that time continue to destroy all 

 noxious weeds upon ycir farms. As every good 

 farmer in our section of the country will be able 

 during this month to treat his friends with ripe 

 fruit, it i9 well that they should be rather socia- 

 ble and make friendly visits ; those if well con- 

 ducted, are not only pleasant, but profitable ; they 

 should be family visits in every sense of the word 

 for the good man should be accompanied by his I 



wife, sons and daughters ; but his small children 

 should be instructed before leaving home that they 

 must not touch any thing about the garden or or- 

 chard where they are going without special con- 

 sent otherwise many sample articles will be des- 

 troyed. One great advantage to be gained by 

 our farmers when on these visits, is the compar- 

 ing of crops, fruits, stock, &c. We are all natu- 

 rally selfish, and until we have seen better, we 

 are apt to think our own is best ; seek a compari- 

 son and wnen you find a better than your own 

 procure it. But above all when on such visits 

 avoid any thing like mystery : let your communi- 

 cations be open and free from the " hocus pocus' 

 of the dark ages ; neither be suspicious of such in 

 others, like the man who upon discovering that 

 his neighbor had better melons than himself, and 

 although his neighbor had given him all direc- 

 tions according to his own practices ; still he ac 

 cused him of retaining some important part of the 

 operation. The neighbor being willing that he 

 should enjoy his jealously, discovered him ap- 

 proaching one day, when he took a red hot poker 

 from the fire ran to his melons, and seemed to be 

 very busy with it about the roots, when his neigh 

 bor approached him with " now I have caught 

 you ; now I can have as good melons as you." — 

 He immediately returned home, heated his po- 

 ker and commenced stirring the ground about the 

 roots of his melons when the fruits of jealousy 

 soon appeared by the death of his vines, and it 

 frequenUy happens that this vice (for we can not 

 call it by a better name) brings its own punish- 

 ment. 



according to a fashionable mode of reasoning 

 '^sand mixed with vegetable matter is the 

 same as vegetable matter mixed with sand,' 

 and when the proportions are duly attended to, the 

 most productive soils may be found. There- 

 fore in all cases, where lands contain mort 

 vegetable matter than is necessary for the pro- 

 duction of crops, instead of destroying the sur 

 plus by fire, we would recommend an exchangt 

 with lighter soils as the most profitable. 



PARING AND BURNING SOILS. 

 As under this head we often meet with articles 

 from our transatlantic brethren, we might induce 

 some of our young farmers to try an experiment 

 which might occasion much damage, we there 

 fore enter our solemn protest against it. We have 

 never seen an instance in the United States where 

 we thought this operation could be resorted to 

 without serious injury. Even the propriety of 

 selecting the dryest time for burning off fallows 

 in new countries may be doubted. We know 

 that the decomposition of vegetables, furnish food 

 for a new set of plants, and that with a few ex 

 ceptions what we term manures are composed of 

 such decomposing vegetable matter, then how ab- 

 surd the practice to destroy so great a proportion 

 of the vegetable matter contained in soils as would 

 be done by paring and burning. We grant that 

 there may be soils which contain so much veget- 

 able or carbonacious matter as to render them in- 

 capable of conducting heat to that extent necessa- 

 ry for the growth and perfection of certain crops. 

 But then such lands should be considered inex 

 haustible beds of manure than otherwise. There 

 are but few places in our country but what such 

 lands are now, or soon will be immensely valua- 

 ble. There are some tracts of reclaimed lands 

 where the deposits of vegetable matter are so great 

 that many crops will not for the reasons before 

 mentioned, succeed well upon them, but for the 

 most places whe were have observed these depos 

 its, they are surrounded as if by design, with 

 light sandy soils, either of which will prove ad- 

 vantageous to the other when mixed with it; as 



CARD. 



We have been much gratified by the comrmi 

 nication from the agricultural society of the dis 

 trict of Niagara, U. C, ordering four copies of out 

 paper for the use of the society. We consider 

 this as a friendly invitstion to be with them in 

 the cause for which they have associated, and also 

 as approving the course we have thus far pursu 

 ed in the publication of the Farmer 

 With regard to these positions we should be ill 



eserving of their patronage, were we not to ten- 

 der to them as co-workers in the advancement ol 

 agriculture and horticulture, every possible facii 

 ity in our power ; at the same time we shall en 

 deavor to keep from the columns of the Fanner 

 any political remarks which might injure the feel 

 ings of those living under a different form of gov 

 eminent. Living as we do in the vicinity of each 

 other with a sameness of climate hardly equal 

 led in any port of North America, for producing 

 the necessaries of life, and at the same time free 

 from the plagues of tropical climates, we have ev 

 ery encouragement to advance tthose sister 

 arts. We therefore invite the members of the 

 Niagara district Agricultural society, as well as 

 all other gentlemen in their vicinity to make such 

 use of the columns of the Farmer for communica 

 ting any useful matter to the public as they shall 

 deem proper and shall at all times consider it a 

 favor to receive from them any observations- 

 touching the Agriculture, Horticulture or the arts, 

 at present practised amongst them ; and assure 

 them that inquiries made of the public through ur 

 will be promptly attended to. 



OUR MARKET. 



Our market has been well supplied with fruit, 

 and esculents the week past. We are not under 

 the necessity of importing melons or pears from 

 New- York at this tims, as pears appear to be 

 plenty at one dollarper bushel. We invite our hor 

 ticulturrists to pay more attention to the cultivation 

 of early varieties, such as ripen in July, by which 

 means our market might be supplied without the 

 trouble of sending to New- York for them. The 

 first pear that now comes into our market in quan- 

 tities, is the green chissel, which from its rapid 

 growth and abundant bearing has been much cul 

 tivated in this neighborhood, although it is not as 

 fine in flavor as some of the earlier varieties. — 

 We have also noticed thelargeGolden pippins of 

 New England, in our market in fine perfection, 

 generally called pumpkins, we shall therefore ex 

 pect a thanksgiving as soon as the weather wii! 

 allow of it. 



Hartford, Con. has become quite a resort fiv 

 Southern travellers. 



