VOLUME 1. 



ROCHESTER, SEPTEMBER 10, 1831. 



NUMBER 36. 



PUBLISHED BY It. TUCKER &. CO. 



At the Office of tho Daily Advertiser. 

 Terras— $3.50 per annuel, or 



$3.00 if paid in advance. 



N. GOODSELL, EDITOR. 



BRINGING WHEAT TO MARKET. 

 If farmers who have commenced bringing 

 wheat to market would pay more attention to the 

 • leaning it they would find it much to their ad- 

 vantage. Those who bring their wheat into 

 market foul with cockle, chess, white caps or 

 smut, may expect a reduction in the price of it 

 from what it would command, if clean, sufficient 

 to doubly compensate them for their time employ- 

 ed in doing it. Millers do not wish to purchase 

 foul wheat when they can purchase that which is 

 clean. Their business is to flour wheat, not to 

 dean it. If they purchase wheat which is not 

 clean, it must be stored by itself, and store room 

 with them is an object. A small proportion of 

 smutty wheat added to that which is clean, does 

 more injury than the price of it, therefore a pru- 

 rient miller will only buy such wheat ata price that 

 will repay him for the trouble of furnishing sepa- 

 rate storage, superintending and hiring labor to 

 •lean it by washing or otherwise, which is com- 

 monly calculated at a price greater than what the 

 farmer receives for his labor while engaged in 

 raising it, taking into the calculation the capital 

 employed. Now if this is correct — then if there 

 is a profit in raising wheat for market, there is a 

 greater in preparing it properly for market, over 

 sending it in a slovenly manner. Beside the 

 profit attending carrying wheat into the market in 

 perfect order, there is a satisfaction attending it 

 which is more difficult to describe than the means 

 of producing it. A farmer who goes into market 

 with a first rate article, is in rather a pleasant situ- 

 ation than otherwise, conscious that his article will 

 recommend itself, he does not stoop to trick or 

 cunning in the sale of it ; neither is he put to the 

 necessity of begging purchasers, but has the first 

 price at his command. Not so the man with his 

 article in a bad condition ; being sensible of it, he 

 often resorts to deception in the sale of it, selling 

 his good opinion of himself with his commodity, 

 courting the twilight of evening for his transac- 

 tion ; he returns home a degraded man with him 

 self, and never exalted in the opinions of others. 

 The observation is as applicable to other articles 

 which are carried to market as to wheat; "what- 

 ever article you carry to market let it be in the 

 best possible condition." There is more profit in 

 ■■arrying a lesser quantity of a desirable quality 

 than a greater quantity of that which is unsalea- 

 ble. Therefore let every farmer establish this 

 motto, " never to carry an article into market in 

 bad condition" 



The same advice which is given to the farmers 

 is applicable to horticulturists. It is passing 

 strange that those who have been at the trouble of 

 raising fruit for sa_e should not recollect that one 

 bushel of sound fruit will fetch more than three 

 after they have been bruised to pumice. We have 

 seen in our market the week past peaches offered 

 for sale, which, had they been brought packed in 

 chaff or bran, would have sold readily at one dol- 

 lar and fifty cents per bushel ; but they were put 



in barrels standing on end and brought some fif- 

 teen miles over the rough road in a waggon, so 

 that all those which were mellow, and which 

 would have been desirable, had they been careful- 

 ly packed, were rendered unfit for the table, and 

 the owner was glad to dispose of them for fifty 

 cents per bushel. Apples, pears, and plums are 

 are often brought to market in the same way. — 

 We hope never to see a subscriber to the Genesee 

 Farmer in market with articles in bad condition, 

 as it may put us to the trouble of looking over the 

 list to find whether he paid in advance. 



CUCUMBER SEEDS. 

 Amongst all our garden seeds there is none that 

 is more saleable than the cucumber, and the rea 

 son of this is, because so many neglect to save 

 them or save them in such a manner as to ren- 

 der them worthless. To say that we import cu 

 cumber seeds from countries, where for want of 

 sufficient warmth of atmosphere they are compel- 

 led to raise them under glass, would appear like 

 an inconsistency ; yet such is the fact ; and the 

 district of old Genesee, in which alone, enough 

 for the whole United States might be saved, sends 

 annually several hundred dollars abroad for cu- 

 :umber seeds. As large quantities of seed cu- 

 cumbers are to be seen at this season of the year 

 in almost every farmer's garden, we would re- 

 mmend the saving of the seeds from them as a 

 matter of economy. If seeds are properly clean- 

 ed and dried, they are not only saleable but will 

 keep good for many years ; and most gardeners 

 prefer such as have been kept for three or four 

 years. To prepare seeds in fine order let the cu- 

 cumbers be gathered as soon as ripe, cut them o- 

 pen and scrape out the seeds and pulpy part into 

 some convenient vessel, let them stand from one to 

 two days according to the temperature of the wea 

 ther; the proper time maybe known by the pul 

 py matter rising to the top as in the fo- 

 mentation of cider: as soon as this takes place 

 let the whole mass be agitated, in order to sepa- 

 rate the seeds contained in the pulp, and after al- 

 lowing the seeds to settle to the bottom, the top 

 may be decanted, leaving the seeds in the bottom 

 of the vessel. To these should be added fresh wa- 

 ter, which may be in turn poured off, and this re- 

 peated, rubbing the seeds each time until the seeds 

 are quite clean, after which they should be well 

 drained and spread in the shade to dry. If spread 

 in the sun they will change color, which would 

 reduce the price if sold. Cucumbers should not be 

 cut until fully ripe as the seeds will shrink in dry- 

 ing. Seeds prepared as above are always a cash 

 article in all our large towns, and will sell as rea- 

 dily as wheat, and at as good a profit for the time 

 spent in preparing them. 



WOOD PECKERS. 

 We would inquire of our farmers and garde- 

 ners whether they are aware of the injury whicli 

 is done to the agricultural and horticultural inter- 

 ests in our country by the wanton destruction of 

 the common read-headed woodpeckers. A charge 

 is often brought against these birds as a pretext 

 for destroying them which is altogether unfound- 

 ed, viz: that they injure fruit and forest trees 

 On the contrary they are the only creatures be- 



longing to the animal creation who seem to spend 

 their whole lives in protecting them. This charge 

 must originate in ignorance of the habits of the 

 bird or confounding their works with those of a 

 smaller sized, speckled bird, belonging to the same 

 family, which is frequently called from his mode of 

 living the sap-sucker. This is a very mischiev- 

 ous bird, and we should not object to the extirpa- 

 tion of the whole race of them. During the last 

 of spring and summer, these birds appear to sub- 

 sist entirely upon the half coagulated sap of trees 

 For the purpose of obtaining the sap, they encir- 

 cle the bodies with holes pecked through the bark, 

 each of which is capable of holding one drop of 

 sap. When they have prepared a sufficient quan- 

 tity of holes in those trees where the sap is in cir- 

 culation and flows freely, they may be seen flying 

 from one tree to another and sucking the sap from 

 those little reservoirs which they have prepared. — 

 As those holes become dry about the edges they 

 are enlarged until they occupy so great a propor- 

 tion of the circumference of the tree as entirely to 

 destroy it. Not so with the red headed woodpeck- 

 ers which subsist almost entirely upon insects in 

 one shape or another. Tis true they appear fond 

 of cherries, and some other kinds of fruit, but 

 their depredations are in a very small proportion 

 to the protection they afford to the same kinds of 

 fruit. Were we to go into a mathematical cal- 

 culation of the number of bugs and worms which 

 each bird destroys annually, and then take into 

 the calculation the amount of mischief which this 

 same number of bugs and worms, if they had liv- 

 ed might have done to our trees and fruits, it. 

 might appear almost sufficient to induce some of 

 our yankee fanners to go into the speculation of 

 raising woodpeckers. If there could be a change 

 in public opinion in favor of these birds, we think 

 it would be beneficial to our farmers and horticul 

 turists. Young gunners are in the habit of shoot 

 ing these birds merely for what they call sport 

 as we believe they are never cooked, but if so, 

 they will be found to be very small, and their 

 flesh dark colored and ill flavored. A little atten- 

 tion paid to instil into the minds of children the 

 usefulness of these birds, would tend much to in- 

 crease their numbers, which would be of great, 

 importance to the farming interests. 



ON FEEDING HOGS. 

 Our good farmers find the month of September 

 to be a very important one in regard to feeding 

 their .hogs. Those who wish to be economical in 

 feeding, should begin early. Every farmer who 

 is fattening hogs should have a cauldron set in 

 an arch near his pen in which he can boil pump- 

 kins, potatoes, meal, &c. as it will be found much 

 cheaper in this section of country to feed with 

 boiled food than to give it to them raw. From 

 the low price which potatoes and pumpkins are 

 sold at in our market towns, and their great heft 

 and small value they will not bear long transport, 

 therefore it is better to feed them to the hogs and 

 save the corn which would be required were they 

 fattened on it, as that is not so perishable an arti- 

 cle. When potatoes are boiled and mashed they 

 make excellent feed for hogs ; if a proportion of 

 pumpkins are mixed with them they are still bet- 

 ter, and iftobotha small quantity of corn mea* 



