Vol. 1.— No. 36. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



287 



draining. I am this day (Aug. 21,) bring- 

 ing in my second crop of hay and a good 

 one from an acre of ground reclaimed by 

 underdraining, on which, before this pro- 

 cess, the product never compensated for 

 Lib or. 



The expense will vary according to cir- 

 cumstances ; but as the labor may all be 

 done by the ordinary workmen on a farm, 

 and at times of most leisure, it is matter of 

 but secondary consideration. To give 

 some data however, I will state, that I paid 

 to one man, it being his asking price, at the 

 rate of 62A cents for completing 20 yards, 

 the brush being furnished him on the spot. 

 Another man now in my employ, made 40 

 yards of trench in a day, averaging 3j feet 

 deep, and by 9 o'clock on the second da)', 

 the brush being cut and handed to him he 

 had the same covered and completed. — 

 Estimating all the labor, the average ex- 

 pense to me has been from 6 to 8 cents the 

 yard. , 



The system of underdraining has no- 

 where in this country, to my knowledge 

 been so successfully adopted as on a farm 

 of 250 acres belonging to H. VV. Delevan 

 Esq. of Ballston. This gentleman, distin- 

 guished alike for intelligence and enterprise, 

 has in a few years, nearly quadrupled his 

 products, by underdraining and other judi- 

 cious management. Extensive fields, that 

 abounded in springs and poachy ground, 

 and which made but a sorry return for the 

 expense of cultivation, have been reclaim- 

 ed and ameliorated, and rendered highly 

 productive, and the whole farm now exhi- 

 bits one of the best specimens of neat and 

 profitable husbandry that is to be found in 

 our country. A detail of his farming ope- 

 rations, particularly in draining, would be 

 highly interesting and useful ; and from 

 the laudable ambition this gentleman has 

 always manifested to be useful to his coun- 

 try, I venture to say he would not withhold 

 a detail of his agricultural improvements, 

 if requested to furnish it for your journal. 



Albany, Jlug. 22, 1831. J. Buel. 



We should be happy to receive and pub" 

 lish any communications relative to the im- 

 provements alluded to. — Editor. 



u 



From the Rochester Daily Advertiser. 

 Condition op the Liberia Colonists. 



The Liberia Herald, is" conducted by Mr. 

 Kussworm, a colored man, a graduate of Bowdoin 

 College. That paper of February last, gives an 

 account of the improvements in the Colony for 

 the year 1830, — from which we obtain the follow- 

 ing facts : 



In the town of Monrovia, 55 new wood and 

 stone houses were erected; Caldwell and Mills- 

 burgh, and some towns for re-captured negroes, 

 share in the general prosperity. Frances Devan- 

 ny, an emancipated slave, Has accumulated a prop- 

 erty worth $20,000 : Mr. Waring,another colonist 

 sold goods to the amount of $70,000: two of the 

 colonists own vessels, and would trade with the 

 U. States, had they a national flag: nett profits 

 on ivory and dye-woods passing thro' the hands 

 -of the settlers in one year, was $30,786; cigh t 



vessels traded to the colony, last year, from Phila- 

 delphia. 



In agriculture. every thing grows spontaneously : 

 there is no winter: one continual spring blooming. 

 There are 6 schools in successful operation : it is 

 calculated that every child in the colony shall be 

 educated : 100 from the neighboring clans now 

 attend the schools in Liberia. Divine service and 

 Sunday schools are regularly attended. There 

 are three religious societies, Baptist, Methodist, 

 and Presbyterian. Meetings on the Sabbath and 

 week-day evenings. Three Swiss Missionaries 

 reside there. The christian religion appears to 

 have some influence on the surrounding tribes. — 

 The population is 2000 — they have 6 militia com- 

 panies, a fort, 20 pieces of cannon, and arms e- 

 nough to arm 1000 men. 



It therefore appears that Liberia possesses some 

 attractions to the sons of Africa. The late san- 

 3 Tiinary scenes in Virginia, it is very natural to 

 suppose, would rouse up the wealthy planters at 

 the south, to aid the colonization society. It is 

 stated, that there are means to have a colored man, 

 carried to Liberia for $20 : It is understood, that, 

 providing a considerable number should offer, our 

 public armed vessels would proceed with cargoes 

 of the free Africans, to Liberia. 



Capt. Kennedy.of the U. S. Navy , was a consider- 

 able time at Liberia. He has published an account 

 of the trade and produce of the Colony and the in- 

 terior, from which it appears that the colonists and 

 the natives are turning their attention to raising 

 coffee; a shrub, similar to the mocha grows abund 

 antly, and a coffee tree, attaining 40 feet in height, 

 is found in the interior. He states that 120 miles 

 up the river St. Paul, is King Boatswain's town, 

 who is-on friendly terms with the Colonists. 



The colonization society of Tennessee, have is- 

 sued a pertinent address to the people of that state, 

 from which we make the following extract: 



There were in 1830 in West Tennessee 

 2570 free persons of color, and in the county 

 of Davidson alone, including; the town of 

 Nashville, there were 472. That it is high- 

 ly desirable, and would be greatly for the 

 interest of all parties, if practicable, to re- 

 move this population from among us and to 

 transfer them to some more congenial and 

 appropriate place of abode, is universally 

 conceded, and cannot admit of a rational 

 doubt. Their residence in a community of 

 whites is unpropitious to their own mental 

 and moral elevation, inconsistent with their 

 true prosperity and happiness, and calcula- 

 ted to subdue and destroy all the noble aspir- 

 ings of their nature, while, as a natural con- 

 sequence, it renders them dangerous and too 

 often mischievous members of society. We 

 are sensible, indeed, that there are, among 

 the free colored people of Tennessee, many 

 worthy and respectable individuals, who, un- 

 der more favorable circumstances, migRt not 

 only he extensively useful, but become dis- 

 tinguished and honorable in a wide and ele- 

 vated sphere of action and of influence — yet 

 we feel constrained to say, that they are in a 

 great degree, and must be, from the nature 

 of their present situation, a degraded and 

 troublesome class. Mutual jealousy, suspi- 

 cion and hostility between them and the 

 the whites are the inevitable consequences 

 of the mutual relations subsisting between 

 them ; and the crimes and injuries of which 

 the free blacks are, directly and indirectly, 

 the real source, lead not only to merited pun- 



ishment, but frequently, no doubt, to undue 

 severity, and are calculated to provoke the 

 exercise of oppression, intolerance, injustice 

 and cruelty. Their situation is indeed more 

 unfavorable than that of many of out slaves. 

 With all the burdens, cares, and responsibil- 

 ties of freedom, they have few or none of its 

 substantial benefits. Their associations are, 

 and must be, chiefly with slaves. Their 

 right of suffrage gives them little, if any, po- 

 litical influence; and they are, practically 

 if not theoretically, excluded from represen- 

 tation and weight in our public councils. — 

 Under these circumstances, it would, most 

 obvious, be not only an act of patriotism and 

 public spirit, but especially an act of kind- 

 ness and liberality to the colored freeman, to 

 furnish him another and more congenial 

 home, to find him a spot in the land of his 

 ancestors, where, removed from the embar- 

 assments, depressions, and suspicions result- 

 ing from an unnatural association with an 

 overwhelming majority of whites, he could 

 assert the dignity of his own nature, attain 

 the rank and influence to which his capacity 

 and industry might entitle him, and transmit 

 to his posterity the substantial blessings of 

 freedom, Such a spot, has fortunately, been 

 provided, and the foundation is already laid 

 of a ihriving and rapidly increasing colony 

 of colored emigrants from this country. The 

 bold, hardy, and adventurous pioneers who 

 braved the dangers and submitted to the pri- 

 vations of a wilderness, exposed themselves 

 to a climate whose influence on foreign con- 

 stitutions had been previously untried, and 

 underwent all the hardships and perils of a 

 residence, without adequate protection, a- 

 mong hostile natives, have opened the way, 

 and provided the necessary comforts and se- 

 curities, for those who may now be able and 

 disposed to follow them. 



Let, therefore, the scenes at Southampton, rouse 

 the south to activite, they will see now, that the 

 colonization society and its auxiliaries are engaged 

 in a cause which to the safety and happiness of the 

 south is of the last importance. It may be said, 

 that do all we may, still, there will remain a large 

 number of slaves and free blacks, beyond our abil- 

 ity to transport to Africa : admit Uiat to be proba- 

 ble; we may, by great exertions roll back the 

 tides. — * * * * * 



ROCHESTER SEED STORE. 



ROSSITER & KNOX, having engaged ex 

 tensively in the Seed, Nursery and Green 

 House business. They will be constantly suppli- 

 ed with a great variety of Agricultural, Horticul- 

 tural, Floicer, and Forest Tree Seeds. They 

 will also soon be able to furnish an extensive vari- 

 ety of Green House Plants, from the New-York 

 INurseries,and of their own cultivation. 



fQp Orders will be received by them for Trees, 

 Sh rubs, Plants, <f-c. cf-c. from the following estab- 

 lishments : W. Prince & Sons', and Parmenticr's 

 Long Island — Floy's, Wilson's, Thorburn's. and 

 A. Smith &Co's, New- York— J. Buel, Albany— 

 Landreth ; , Philadelphia— Russell's, Boston. 



A Nu: -ry under the control of N. Goodsell, 

 Editor oi the Genesee Farmer, with whom they 

 are connected, is now in progress, and from which 

 can be su] plied an extensive variety of most of the 

 different articles found in Nurseries. 



R. & K will also keep a general assortment of 

 Garden Tools, Flower Pots, Garden Glasses, &c. 



§3f All orders to be executed this fall, should 

 be sent in previous to the 1st Oct. 



Rochester, aug. 19 ar 



BULBOUS ROOTS. 



ROSSITER & KNOX have received a few 

 Crown Imperial, and Tulip Bulbs, which 

 are said to be choice varieties. ' au^ 30 



