;H4 



THE GENESEE FARMER 



Octobers, 1831, 



mers are not provided with these, the cider is gen- 

 erally fermented in the barrels in which it is to 

 remain ; and it is but too common a practice to al- 

 low it to remain without racking it off. This is 

 a bad practice. As soon as the feculent matter 

 contained in the cider has risen to the top, the 

 cask should be tapped near the bottom of the cask, 

 and drawn off, filtering it through sand or flannel 

 to free it from any sediment which might pass off 

 with the liquor: after which, it should be put into 

 a clean cask, and be allowed to complete the fer- 

 mentation, which will be very slow. The bung 

 may be put in moderately tight, or a hole bored 

 through the stave with a small gimblet, to allow 

 the gas which is formed to escape. As soon as 

 the fermentation has subsided, or nearly so, put 

 into each barrel one or two quarts of skimmed 

 milk, stir it well and put in the bung perfectly 

 tight. In the course of from one to three months, 

 tap the casks and draw out some from near the 

 middle of the cask ; and if fine, draw off the cider 

 into a clean and sweet cask, fill it full, and if all 

 has been well managed, the cider will be well fla- 

 vored, and will keep for years. No caution is 

 necessary to increase the strength of cider in this 

 section of country, as the climate is so fine that all 

 cider when well made from common apples, will 

 have sufficient strength when properly fined, to 

 keep any desirable length of time. Cider makers 

 should remember that it is the feculent or mucila- 

 ginous matter which is held in solution that dis- 

 poses it to become sour : and not for the want of i 

 strength, as much of our cider is stronger than the 

 light wines of Prance. In some casks, cider will 

 become fine without any thing added ; but it is sa- 

 fer in all cases, to add finings ; either milk or dis- 

 solved glue, which will entirely separate the fe- 

 culent matter. It is considered by many as a 

 proof of good cider if it sparkles in the glass; bad 

 cider may do this, and any will which is bunged 

 up tight before the fermentation is completed; 

 therefore, it is not a sure sign of good cider. The 

 common appellation for cider is correct : we say 

 " it is fine ;" by which is meant, free from all fe- 

 culent matter, and no cider should be considered 

 good, unless it is weU fined. 



soil, in which there is a good proportion of clay ; 

 then tied in small bundles and their roots bound 

 in moss ; if they are put up in large bunches, they 

 soon heat and the leaves turn yellow and die. — 

 When proper attention is paid to transplanting 

 during the. months of September and October, the 

 i growth of the plants would not be checked but a 

 few days, and they will bear much better than 

 when planted in the spring. If they are set in a 

 situation where the snow will blow from them 

 during winter, it may be well to cover them with 

 coarse litter after the season for growing is over. 



METEOROLOGICAL TABLE, 



FOR SEPTEMBER — 1831. 



10 A. M. 10 P. M. 



The mean temperature of spring water, it has 

 been said, approximates very nearly to that of the 

 air, and we have for six months past registered 

 the temperature of a well of water, 7 feet deep, 

 with 2 feet of rock excavation, and from one and 

 a half to three feet of water ; and shall in due sea- 

 son give the result of the different methods of de- 

 terming the mean temperature of Rochester, which 

 we have instituted. 



STRAWBERRIES. 

 Wc have noticed an error which many are apt 

 to run into when planting out strawberries in au- 

 tumn, that is, planting them too deep. It should 

 be recollected that we cover up grass and weeds 

 for the purpose of destroying them, and straw- 

 berry plants may be killed in the same way 

 therefore, the crown or centre of the plant should 

 not be covered up when transplanted. If plants 

 are properly taken up, they will be found to have 

 a large quantity of fine but strong roots, which 

 should be kept carefully from the influence of the 

 sun and air; for if they once become dry, they do 

 moi e injury to the plant than good, and should in 

 such case be cut off. Those who would be suc- 

 cessful with their plants, should be careful in tak- 

 ing up, and should use a spade or some other in- 

 strument, that all the roots may be raised with 

 the plant. As soon as taken up they should be- 

 laid in the shade and sprinkled to keep them moist 

 until they are pruned of their runners, when they 

 should be immediately set in the ground. Those 

 which arc to be sent any distance, should be grou 

 *rf, dipping their roots in a thin puddle made of 



29,40 

 29,40 

 29,60 

 29,65 

 29,52 

 29,65 

 29,03 

 29,35 

 29,40 

 29,35 

 49,40 

 29,55 

 U,o8 

 29,50 

 29,55 

 29,75 

 29,80 

 29,78 

 2 1,55 

 29,45 

 29,72 

 29,53 

 29,32 

 .•9,50 

 29,55 

 49,50 

 19,35 

 29,25 

 29,40 

 29,65 



s w 



E 



rain 2- 10 



fair 

 fur 2-10 



do 

 cloudy 



fair 



do 

 cloudy 



do 



do 



do 

 fair h w 



fair 



do 



rain 3-10 

 cloudy 



do" 



fair 



do 



do 

 cloudy 



do 

 rain 2 -10 



fair* 

 cloudy 



do 



do 

 fair h w 

 fair h vv 

 l.li't frost 



-3 X.\ 6 



N W 

 E 



29,40 sw 



29,40 



29,05 



29,55 



29,00 



29,07 



29,45 



29,35 



29,36 



29,40 



29,47 



29,58 



29,55 



29,54 



29,60 n e 



29,76| w 



29,75; n e 



29,60 w 



29.54 w 

 29,57i n 

 29,64 e 

 29,32s v 

 29,37! w 



29.55 w 

 29,551 n 

 29,38 n E 

 29,25 e 

 29,31 

 29.51 

 29,66 



cloudy 



n 4-1 Ot 



fair 



do 



do 



do 



cl'y 



don w 



cloudy 



do 



cl'y h w 



do h w 



fair 



rain y 



rain 0-1 



fair 



do 



do 



do 



rain 2-10 



cloudy 



do 



ruin 1-10 



lair 



cloudy 



do 



rain 1-1(1 



rain 2-10 



fair 



do 



|d=We have received from David Thomas, u 

 box of fruit of several kinds, widi two elegant 

 drawings of the Strawberry Apple and September 

 Pear, which were intended for our Horticultural 

 exhibition, but unfortunately, did not arrive in sea- 

 son. We shall publish his letter accompanying 

 them in our next. 



Mean temperature of the thermometer, 60,9 

 do. do. do. barometer, 29,66 



Mean of extreme, thermomeier, 59 



do do barometer, 29,52,5 



Inches of rain, •> 5-10 



•Temperature of spring water, 7 feet deep, 57 

 degrees. 



t Thunder shower. 



It is, perhaps, not a little singular, that the 

 means of the extreme of the temperature and 

 pressure should differ so little from the means ob- 

 tained by dividing the whole amount of tempera- 

 ture and pressure, by the dumber of observations. 

 This will be strikingly illustrated by taking the 

 whole amount of tempeiature or pressure for any 

 given period, say one week, ami dividing by the 

 number of observations ; then add half the liffer- 

 ence of the extremes to the lesser extreme, or sub- 

 tract half from the greater extreme, and the quo- 

 tients or means by the two processes, will be a 

 near approximation. This result is found to hold 

 the same in observations of years, as well as days 

 and weeks ; and if 7° below Zero, and 95° a- 

 bove, be the extremes of temperature, in this coun- 

 ty, as our tables will show for thepust yea-, the 

 mean daily temperature, as deduced from dividing 

 the whole amount of temperature by the number 

 of observations, be near 52°, which is the mean 

 of the above extreme. 



SUGAR FROM BEETS. 

 At the particular request of one of our readers, 

 wc give a simple statement of the method of mak- 

 ing sugar from beet roots, as practiced in France. 

 The roots after being washed are crushed fine be- 

 tween rollers, not unlike the mashing of the sugar 

 cane; after which, the juice is expressed by 

 means of screws, somewhat after the manner of 

 pressing out cider. This juice is put into boilers, 

 to which a small quantity of lime is added, as in 

 boiling the juice of the sugar cane. When the 

 syrup is sufficiently concentrated, it is allowed to 

 stand and settle ; after which, the clear syrup is 

 decanted, and if any lime remains in solution, a 

 small quantity of sulphuric acid is added, which 

 uniting with the lime form plaster of paris, or sul- 

 phate of lime which is soon precipitated: the syr- 

 up is boiled again until it is sufficiently concen- 

 trated to chrystalize, when it is set aside for that, 

 or dried down and treated as brown sugar. All af- 

 ter process for refinery the same as with common 

 sugar. 



GYRATORY MOTION OF STORMS. 



The late hurricane in the West Indies, has 

 demonstrated, (says a writer in the Journal of 

 Commerce) that " storms and hurricanes consist 

 in a regular gyratory motion or action of a pro- 

 gressivt body oj atmosphere? that they are drift- 

 ed zemrding to the general atmospheric current in 

 which they occur. The progress of the late storm 

 in the West Indies was as follows: 



"The earliest accounts are from the Island of 

 Barbadocs, where the hurricane raged with great 

 violence on the night of the 10th of August. — 

 On the 1 1 th a portion of its ravages was experi- 

 enced at the island of Martinico. On the 12th it 

 arrived at the island of Porto Rico. From the 

 12lh to 13th it swept over the island of Hay ti or St, 

 Domingo, and extended its influence as far south- 

 ward as Jamaica. On the 13th, it'raged also on 

 the eastern portion of Cuba, sweeping in its course 

 oyer large districts, if not the whole, of that ex- 

 tensive island. On the 14th it was at Havana, 

 towards the west end of the same island. Of its 

 progress on the 15th we have no distinct accounts; 

 but on the 16th and 17tli it arrived on the northern 

 shores of the gulf of Mexico, where its effects 

 were continued till the 18th, thus having occupi- 

 ed a period of six days in passing from Barba- 

 docs to New-Orleans." Travelling a distance of 

 2,300 miles in 6 days, 



3-jp" a." next week. 



