Vol.71;— Nk 43. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



33» 



ticularly calculated for sea bread, crackers, 

 and all kinds of pastry cooking, and. on ac- 

 count of its solidity, commands the first 

 price in market, it being about i pounds 

 heavier to the bushel than what is common- 

 ly called Western or Ohio Wheat. 



As the great and benevolent cause of tem- 

 perance ought to be in the heart of every 

 good citizen, I wish all our New England 

 fanners, instead of raising rye to drink, 

 would benefit themselves by this kind of 

 grain, which 1 can assure them from real ex- 

 perience they will find a superior article both 

 at their own tables and in market. 



I have about 7 acres of the Black Sea 

 Wheat which is said by those who. pretend 

 to be judges to be the best in this region ; all 

 or the most of it 1 should like to have sown 

 in New England. My friends in Ct. have 

 sent to me for a further supply of seed. 



The wheat from the Black Sea I consid- 

 er the same kind of wheat as t"eTea Wheat ; 

 one is spring, the other winter. Neither of 

 them are what we call bearded, but have a 

 few scattering beards but only an inch in 

 length ; neither of them is liable to smut : I 

 have seen only a few stalks in wet places and 

 tltat is not like the wheat of this country, 

 but conies on soon after it blossoms and 

 is blown off long before the grain is ripe. — 

 The winter wheat has a stift'er straw than the 

 spring and stands better in heavy rains, 

 winds, fee. &,c. 



I have invariably had a better crop of the 

 winter wheat than the spring on the same 

 strength of soil, but on the high lands or di- 

 viding ridges where they have from 3 to 5 

 feet of snow through the winter, the spring 

 is a better and more certain crop. 



Near Eake Erie our snows are about the 

 same as on the sea board, and land which 

 will produce from 40 to 50 bushels of corn 

 per acre will bring from 20 to 30 of the 

 Black Sea Wheat, sown on the corn hills in 

 December. I have sown this wheat on corn 

 hills, wheat and pea stubble, but prefer corn 

 hills. 



I have tried sowing this wheat from the 

 last of August to the first of June, but the 

 best crops which I have had, or seen, were 

 sown the last of December early sowing one 

 bushel to the acre, late sowing 36 qts If I 

 early, I prefer the last of September, if I 

 cannot put the wheat in at that time, 1 pre- 

 pare the ground, and let it be until I think 

 the wheat will not be up before spring. I 

 then ca t on the wheat and cover it with a 

 harrow. I think this will be the best plan to 

 pursue on the sea board, but a little experi- 

 ence will decide the point. 



It is well known that what is called good 

 wheat land is a stiff clay soil. In such a soil 

 I should prefer the Red Chaff to the Black 

 Sea Wheat. In this section of country we 

 have almost every variety of soil. In a sin- 

 gle field, in passing through my wheat I ob- 

 served it did well on light sandy soil loam, 

 which suggested the idea to me that it would 

 be a profitable crop in New England. 



Erom my own experience and observation 

 I think wheat and corn are much improved 

 by getting the seed from their natural soil. — 

 There is a region of country about 20 miles 

 south of me where they raise very little wheat 

 from their own seed, but by getting seed eve- 

 ry season from near the lake they have fine 

 crops : and we have our com as much im- 

 proved by sending to the State of Ohio 

 where the soil is better for corn than our 

 :>wn. 



If your farmers should find it for their ad- 

 vantage to grow wheat in preference to rye, 

 and should find that the seed which I send 

 does better than their own, with due notice 

 I can furnish you in common seasons one 

 month earlier than the present. We have 

 now a good threshing machine in operation 

 which will fit for market more than 100 push- 

 els per day. 



From thfi Lowell Journal. 

 SILK MANUFACTURE. 



NO. II. 



The culture of silk, has, from the first co- 

 lonization of this country, more or less en- 

 gaged the attention of the American peo- 

 ple, yet nothing has resulted from it beyond 

 the fabrication of an inferior kind of sew- 

 ing silk, which can only be applied to do- 

 mestic uses. Those who have written on 

 the subject have in vain attempted to dis- 

 cover the causes of this failure. It appears 

 to me that the whole may be referred to one 

 single cause — the want of knowledge of the 

 art to transform the produce of the American 

 silkworm into a saleable article. Cocoons, 

 it is well known, cannot be transported a- 

 cross the ocean ; for in 10 or 15 days they 

 become mouldy, and are of no value. There- 

 fore it is necessary that the silk should be 

 extracted from them, before it can be ship- 

 ped to those countries where it is manufac- 

 tured, But that cannot be profitably done 

 ithout a perfect knowledge of the art of 

 reeling it, to suit the various kinds of stuffs 

 to be made out of it, and that art, simple as 

 it may appear, requires much time and la- 

 bor to acquire, in order to make the material 

 fit for sale. So long as the art of making 

 exportable silk shall not have been introdu- 

 ced into the country, there will not be suffi- 

 cient inducement for the American farmer 

 to attend to the production of silk worms. 



Whv is the best silk employed and turned 

 into sewing silk, for which there is always 

 waste or inferior silk enough, and why is not 

 the best silk kept for the loom ? The an- 

 swer is obvious — because the people do not 

 know how to prepare it in any other form, so 

 as to make it fit for sale. 



We have great confidence that the enter- 

 prising and distinguished patrons of domes- 

 tic industry and American manufactures 

 will not omit this favorable opportunity for 

 erecting the necessary machinery to pre- 

 pare the raw silk for foreign markets. If 

 a Filature should be erected at Lowell, they 

 may purchase and prepare for market, all 

 the cocoon in New England, and thereby 

 supersede the erection of similar machines. 

 The industrious farmers of Connecticut are 

 extending their plantations of mulberry 

 trees to an almost unlimited extent; and 

 will be compelled to erect a filature in that 

 vicinity; unless there shall be some one e- 

 rected in some neighboring stale where they 

 yinay find a market for their cocoons. One 

 'gentleman on the banks of the Connecti- 

 cut has planted the present year two hundred 

 and fifty six ounces of white Italian mul- 

 berry seed, from which he will grow several 

 millions of trees, and his neighbors are fol- 

 lowing his example. The facts within the 

 knowledge of the writer of this article justi 

 fy him in the opinion, that thirty millions of 

 trees will be produced the present year, in 

 addition to the large stock on hand, in the 

 small state of Connecticut. This fact should 

 not discourage our farmers from comman- 



|cing then plantations, foi if each state in the 



[Union should produce one hundred millions 



I of trees, the demand for raw silk could not 



be satisfied. V. 



On the proper Cultivati'm of the Gooseber- 

 ry. — When the plants are two yens old 

 take them up from the nursery and trim off 

 the suckers, and lower branches, leaving on- 

 ly one stem with a few branches at the top. 

 Plant them in a rich light soil in a moist sit- 

 uation, and where they will be partially sha- 

 ded by branches of trees. In the autumn, 

 cover the ground around them with manure 

 from the cow yard. The latter end of Feb- 

 ruary thin out the branches very much, cut- 

 ting them off close to the stem, taking out all 

 such as cross each other, but be sure not to 

 shorten the branches, for that causes them 

 [ to throw out a great deal of wood and very 

 j little fruit. In the spring a quantity of 

 ] young suckers will come up round the stem, 

 J all these must be cut off when green, as also 

 any others that grow in the middle of the 

 ; bush, which must pe kept open so as to ad- 

 mit the air freely. It is also a great support 

 j to the bush to drive a stake into the ground 

 ! close to the stem, as keeping it steady causes 

 the fruit to be larger- This treatment is to 

 be continued annually, and the fruit instead 

 of depreciating as is usual, will rather im- 

 I prove in size, as has been proved by some 

 planted 15 or 20 years ago. The ground 

 must be spaded in the spring and kept per- 

 fectly clear of weeds. — American Farmer. 



C.4TTLE SHOW. 

 The Annual Cattle Show for the District 

 of Montreal took place on Thursday last, on 

 the St. Ann's Common. The horses, mares, 

 homed cattle and sheep, were numerous,and 

 many of them showed that much attention 

 is paid to the improvement of the breed of 

 cattle throughout the district. The species 

 of domestic manufactures were not so nu- 

 merous as last year. We saw only four pie- 

 ces of woollen, and two pieces of linen cloth ; 

 one of the latter was the best piece that we 

 have seen of Lower Canada manufacture. — 

 We were much pleased with a very simple 

 machine for lifting and carrying stones from 

 arable land ; we understand it has been tried 

 ; by several farmers, who all speak favorably 

 of it. We would feel much pleasure in noti- 

 cing some of the most improved animals on 

 the ground ; but as the decision of the judg- 

 es will be laid before the public in a few- 

 days, in deference to their opinion we will 

 await their announcement. We heard that 

 a sample of hemp, of Canadian growth was 

 exhibited : this article will, we hope, meet 

 with more attention in future : it cannot be 

 doubted that, if properly cultivated, it would 

 become a source of wealth to the country.— 

 Montreal Courant. 



Extensive Printing Establishment. — The 

 Messrs. Harpers, Printers and Publishers, N, 

 V. city, employ one hundred and forty work-, 

 men and sometimes n greater nnmber. They 

 have nineteen printing presses in constant op- 

 eration, and the work turned off during the 

 year ie equal to fourteen hundred 18 mo vol- 

 umes per day, — making a total of four hrndred 

 and thirty eight thousand and two hundred 

 volumes annually This printing establish* 

 meat is built of brick, and measures forty fee) 

 by ninety, having on it s sides more than eighty 

 windows — N. Y Paper. 



200 ship carpenters aTe wanted cm Che Ohip 

 River. 



