Vol 1.— No. 43. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



341* 



fore the turnips are drilled, in order that 

 the lime may be thoroughly incorporated 

 with the soil, by the pluughings and bar- 

 rowings which it will receive; the land 

 will thus have time to cool, and the lime 

 will not dry up the moisture necessary for 

 bringing the turnips into leaf. For pota- 

 toes, lime is not to be recommended, as 

 it is apt to burn and blister their skins. — 

 When applied to old land, it is a good prac- 

 tice to spread it on the surface, previous- 

 ly to the land being broken up, by which 

 It is fixed firmly on the sward. One year 

 lias been found of use, but when done 

 three years before, it ad produced still 

 greater advantages; in the former case, 

 the increase of oats, being only at the 

 rate of 6 to 1, and the latter, that of 10 

 to 1 of the seed sown. The quantity 

 applied must vary according to the soil. 

 From 250 to 300 bushels, of unslaked 

 lime, may be appled on strong binds with 

 advantage. Even 600 bushels hive been 

 laid on at once on strong clays with great 

 success. On light soils, a much smaller 

 quantity will answer, say from 150to200 

 bushels, but these small doses ought to 

 be more frequently repeated. When ap- 

 plied on the surface of bogs or moors, the 

 quantity used is very considerable, and 

 the more that is laid on the greater im- 

 provement. The real quantity, howev- 

 er, of calcareous matter used, depends 

 upon the quality of the stone, it ofi>n 

 happens, that live chaldrons do not fur- 

 nish more effective manure than three, be- 

 cause they do not contain three fifths of 

 calcareous matter. 



G. Effects of lime. Many farmers 



have subjected themselves to an expense, 

 at the rate of ten shillings per acre per 

 annum, for the lime they used and have 

 been amply remunerated. The benefit, 

 derived in the cultivation of green crops 

 is sufficient for that purpose. Such cr-.-ps 

 may be raised by large quantities of dung ; 

 but where calcareous substances are ap- 

 plied, it is proved by long experience, 

 that a less quantity of animal a. id veget 

 able manure will answer the purpose, — 

 This is making the farm-yard dung go 

 farther, with more powerful and more 

 permanent effects; and from the weight- 

 ier crops thus raised, the quantity of ma- 

 nure on a farm, will be most materially 

 augmented. Indeed, upon land in a prop- 

 er state for calcareous application, (as 

 old ley,) lime is much superior to dung. 

 Its effects continue for a longer period, 

 while the crops produced are of a supe- 

 rior quality and less susceptible of injury, 

 from the excesses of drought and mois- 

 ture. The ground likewise, more espe- 

 cially if it be of a strong nature, is much 

 more easily wrought; and, in some in- 

 stances, the saving of labor alone, would 

 be sufficient to induce a farmer to lime his 

 land, were no greater benefit derived 

 from the application, than the opportu- 

 nity thereby gained, of working it in a 

 more perfect maimer. 



7. Rules for the management of lime. — 



I. It is necessary to ascertain the quality 

 of the soil to which lime is proposed to be 

 applied ; and whether it has formerly 

 been limed ; and to what extent. In gen- 

 eral it maybe observed, that strong loams 

 and stubborn clays, require a full dose to 

 bring then into action, as such soils are 

 capable of absorbing a greater quantity 

 of calcareous matter, Lighter soils, how- 

 ever, require less lime to tiuiulale them ; 

 and may be injured, by administering a 

 quantity of lime recently calcined, that 

 would prove moderately beneficial to 

 those of a heavy nature. 2. As the ef- 

 fects of lime greatly depend on its inti- 

 mate admixture nitht e surface soils, it 

 is expedient to have it in a powdered state 

 before it is applied, and the drier and 

 more perfectly powdered, the better. 3- 

 Lime having a tendency to sink in the 

 soil, it cannot be ploughed in with too 

 shallow a furrow or kept too near the sur- 

 face. 4 Lime ought not to be applied, 

 a second time to weak or poor soils, unless 

 mixed with a compost; after which the 

 land should be immediately laid down to 

 grass. 



PROCLAMATION, 



By Enos T. Throop, Governor of the 

 state ofJYew-York : 

 Being conscious that a periodical public 

 oblation of our hearts to Almighty God is 

 acceptable to him, and a pleasing duty; and 

 that it is highly becoming in nations, recip- 

 ients of his favors, as we'l as individuals ; 

 1 do, in humble reverence, and in conform- 

 ity to usage, recommend to the people of 

 this state, the observance of Thursday the 

 eighth day of December next, as a day of 

 Prayer and Thanksgiving. Let us, with 

 united hearts, on that day, renew to Him 

 our acknowledgments of gratitude, forthose 

 peculiar national institutions by which he 

 has distinguished us among the nations of 

 the earth, and whereby all our civil, reli- 

 gious and personal rights are secured ; and 

 for having established schools among us, 

 and other means of public instruction, 

 whereby our capacity for enjoyment is en- 

 larged, and we are enabled better to under- 

 stand and defend our civil and social privi- 

 leges : And among the innumerable fa- 

 vors which we have received from his 

 bountiful providence, during the past year, 

 let us particularly thank Him, for healthful 

 and fruitful seasons, for the growing spirit 

 of laudable enterprize and diversified indus- 

 try, and for his remarkable interposition in 

 staying the desolating moral pestilence of 

 intemperate drinking. 



In witness whereof, I have hereun- 

 to set my hand, and affixed the 

 privy seal of the State, this twen- 

 (l. s.) tieth day of October, in the year 

 of our Lord one thousand eight 

 hundred and thirty-one. 



E. T. THROOP. 



In the Asiatic, province of Resht, the plague has 

 swept off 100,000 inhabitants; It was raging at 

 the last accounts at Teheran. Corvin, &c. 



PUBLIC MEETING. 



Faneuil Hall was again crowded to over- 

 flowing last evening by our citizens who arc 

 in favor of abolishing imprisonment for debt', 

 and a more respectable meeting, in point 

 of character, as well as numbers, was nev- 

 er convened within its walls. The chair 

 was taken by A. II. Everett, Esq. at the 

 hour appointed, and the debates were com- 

 menced by Charles G. Loring, Esq. in a 

 speech, which, so far as we heard it, was 

 distinguished for its sound and practical 

 good sense. He was followed by William 

 F. Otis, Esq. who made a very animated 

 address, dwelling almost entirely upon the 

 unconstitutionality of imprisonment for 

 debt, in the United States. His argument 

 was drawn from the established principle of 

 the English law. that no man can be im- 

 prisoned, except upon presentment, indict- 

 ment, or original writ, and as a debtor was 

 neither presented nor condemned by his 

 peers, and as there was no such thing, and 

 could be no.such thing in this country, as 

 an original writ, — that being entirely an 

 English process, requiring the signature 

 and seal of the King, — he inferred that im- 

 prisonment for the misfortune assigned was 

 neither legal nor constitutional. But it is 

 not in our power to furnish any abstract of 

 the argument. 



Edwaid Everett, the member in Con- 

 gress from the adjoining district of Middle- 

 sex, also addressed the meeting in an ani- 

 mated and eloquent strain, and was receiv- 

 ed with great enthusiasm. He reminded 

 ! them of the indignant appeals which had 

 been made in that hall, when the matter un- 

 der discussion related to aflairs in Europe, 

 i or to what they considered the oppressions 

 of the general government, and of the effect 

 which had been produced when all they 

 could do was by the expression of an opin- 

 ion ; and reminding them that in the pres- 

 ent case the power was in their own hands, 

 and that they could act as well as resolve ; 

 he called upon them to go with their griev- 

 ances to the polls, remembering that if they 

 suffered the law to remain six months long- 

 er on the statute book, the fault was their 

 own, and they deserved to suffer by its op- 

 pression. 



It was expected that Mr. Webster would 

 have spoken, but not being able to attend 

 the meeting, he sent a paper, containing his 

 views upon the subject, which was read by 

 the chairman. It was written in the usual 

 concise manner of Mr Webster, and we 

 presume the sentiments it expressed were 

 those of nine tenths of the whole communi- 

 ty. They were briefly, that the dishonest 

 debtor, like any other criminal, deserves 

 punishment, but that it is ridiculous as well 

 as inhuman, to imprison an honest man for 

 his poverty. 



A Memoir of Sebastian Cabot, the discoverer ol" 

 Nortli America, containing a review of Maritime 

 Discoveries, has been published at Philadelphia ; 

 containing 327 pages. It is highly spoken of. 



The Emperor Joseph II. of Austria, when he. 

 has heard enough of a subject, rubs his hands. 



