m 



THE GENESEE FARMER 



ate, giving a brief history of the exertions and 

 progress of raising the worms and manufacturing 

 the raw silk, will be read with no little interest 

 " In 1793 there was raised in this town 265 lbs. 

 of raw silk. It being the residence of Doct As- 

 pinwall, it is presumable, from his well known 

 zeal in the cause, that this result was owing, in 

 some measure, to his superintendence and direc- 

 tion. Let that be as it may, there has been a reg- 

 ular, but slow, progression here ever since. The 

 most that ever has been raised in one season was 

 3200 I s., and that was last year. It has been 

 bruited about in the newspapers that 5 tons of 

 silk were raised in Mansfield, and sold for 85,00 

 dollars. It is not so. 



A short time since a few enterprising individu- 

 als united, and have established a small silk facto- 

 ry under the direction of Mr. Edward Golding, a 

 regular bred English manufacturer of silk. They 

 have 32 swifts, for winding hard silk ; 32 spindles 

 for doubling ; 7 dozen of spindles for throwing ; 

 7 do. of spindles for spinning ; 32 spindles for 

 .soft silk winding, and 2 broad and 1 fringe silk 

 looms. There is machinery enough prepared 

 sufficient to keep 30 broad silk looms in operation 

 They have only 11 hands employed at present 

 50 could be employed to advantage. The co- 

 coons are worth three dollars a bushel, and the 

 company have on hand between four and five 

 hundred bushels. 



The most perfect of the cocoons are selected for 

 breeding They will hatch out, usually, in a 

 week, often times in 24 hours. They are exce- 

 djngly prolific ; a single miller will frequently lay 

 500 eggs. The eggs when first laid are of a gluti- 

 nous substance, and adhere to whatever they are 

 deposited on. The usual mode is on sheets of 

 paper. These are preserved in cool dry places, 

 as much out of the air as possible, till the mulber- 

 ry leaves, are sufficiently large for subsistence. 



As soon as that is the case, they are exposed to a 

 current of warm air, when they soon hatch, and 

 immediately take the leaves. From this time till 

 the cocoon is completed, does not exceed six weeks. 

 As soon as the worms have eaten their fill, small 

 bushes are prepared for them to commence the 

 formation of the cocoon. The commencement 

 is not unlike the first movements of the spider in 

 weaving his web. When the cocoons are com- 

 pleted, all that are not selected for breeding, are 



either baked or steamed till the worm is dead. 



All moisture must be extracted from them before 

 they are laid away. 



Mulberry trees, to make good silk, should be 

 planted in a rich soil. The larger and more vig- 

 orous the tree, the better the silk. It is a common 

 error in supposing that slight and thin leaves will 

 make good silk. The best way to plant an or- 

 chard of mulberry trees, is, after selecting a good 

 Soil, to plant them 25 feet apart, or about lOOtrees 

 the square acre. When the trees are planted 25 



feet apart, there ts room for cultivating the land 



and such cultivation is esteemed in Mansfield 

 an advantage to the growth of the trees. 40 lbs 

 of raw silk is considered a fair production." 



to employ his pen for the benefit of the readers of 

 the Farmer. 



" A Militiaman," next week. 



CORRECTION. 



In the sixth Number of this paper, there ap- 

 peared an article taken from the New- York Stand- 

 ard, on the subject of " The first and last census 

 of New- York." Not having been particularly ac- 

 quainted with the early settlement of this part of 

 the state, the inaccuracies contained in that state- 

 ment were not detected by us, and we gave it to 

 our readers as a miscellaneous selection. 



In the perusal of this article, our respected friend 



Haw.ey, Esq. detected many inaccuracies, and 

 kindly offered to furnish an article for our paper, 

 upon the subject of the early settlements of what 

 had been usually denominated the Genesee Coun- 

 try. Being well acquainted with the character 

 of Mr Haw|ey, both as a man pf observation 

 and accuracy of description, with as intimate a 

 knowledge of the subject as any one in tins sec- 

 tion, the offer was thankfully accepted, and 

 his communication published in our ni.uh num- 

 ber : and we believe was very acceptable to most 

 of our readers, giving them more information res- 

 pecting the events which attended the early set- 

 tlements than was to be found in so narrow a 

 compass; in which communication, Mr. Hawley 

 refers to Dr. Spafford, as proper authority con- 

 cerning the Pre-emption line. 



In our 45th Number, at page 356, we published 

 a communication from Ohio, signed Y. Z., criti- 

 cising upon the communication of Mr. Hawley 

 wherein he speaks of it as follows : '■ But my im- 

 mediate object in noticing the subject, is, to request 

 from a competent hand, a proper correction or sup- 

 ply of some errors and omissions contained in the 

 New- York Gazetteer.," Now we assure our read- 

 ers that Mr. Hawley was capable of making his 

 own communication, without extracting it from 

 the Gazeteer, as very few men are more capable 

 of giving a history of the landed transactions in 

 this section than himself: but he referred to Dr. 

 Spafford on the point before mentioned, as stand- 

 ard authority. We pass over his remarks, until 

 his fourth section, wherein Y. Z. says, "Mr. 

 Spafford goes on to tell us that, in 1789, Oliver 



Phelps opened a land office at Canandaigua." 



Here Y. Z. was mistaken ; he should have said 

 Mr. Hawley, which would have been correct ; for 

 he then goes on and attempts to show that what 

 was stated in the concluding part of the para- 

 gra-ih was not correct Justice to Dr. Spafford 

 requires this explanation and correction, as it 

 might detract from his character as a historian, 

 which, we believe, has never been called in ques- 

 tion ; and so far as we are acquainted with the 

 Gazetteer, we are not able to point out one mis- 

 take worthy of notice. 



December 17, 1831, 



ooring towns, which is not included in the above 

 estimate. 



MANUFACTORIES 

 In the County of Oneida 



Woollen— The Oriskany is 4 miles from. 

 Whitestown; it runs 1500 spindles, 40 looms 135 

 hands, (including those in the machine shop ) US e 

 annually 120,000 lbs. of wool. They make year- 

 ly 32,000 yds. broadcloths, and 57,000 yds cassi 

 mere; value of both, $154,000. There is anoth- 

 er small broadcloth factory, which makes 3 500 

 yds. per annum. In the town of Clinton there is 

 a worsted manufactory just going into operation 



Cotton.— The cotton factories are numerous 

 The following is the schedule : 



Mills, spindles, looms, hands, amt. per an 



Oneida 

 York MUls 

 Whitestown 

 Utica 



2500 

 8328 

 2900 

 2600 



84 



260 



20 



20 



80 

 350 



85 

 112 



800,000 vds 

 ♦900.000 yds 

 use 300 bales of 

 [cotten per an. 



(30 bedticking) do 450 do do 

 N.Hartford 2500 64 80 use 300 do do 

 Eagle 1600 40 75 « 200 do do 



Franklin 3000 76 120 •' 300 do do 



Pans 1500 60 70 



Monroe & Co's. capacity and business not stated 



There is a calico printing establishment jusl 

 going into operation. 



Messrs. Rodgers' machine shop, turns out. 

 yearly, $45,000 worth of machinery, employing 

 about 50 hands. 



• Fine sheeting. 



County of Otsego.— The card factory of Mr 

 Phelon, at Cooperstown, is principally carried on 

 by Dogs. There are 5 machines, which set 130 

 teeth per minute: the Dogs move to their places 

 by command, and operate on a tread mill. Each 

 machine sets 3 square feet per day. 



Cotton. — The cotton mills on the Tusquehana, 

 are spindles, looms, hands, per An. 



fj=Several communications have been received 

 which will appear soon. The second communi- 

 cation from Ulmus, is reserved for the first num- 

 ber of the second volume. He is welcomed to 

 our columns, and we hope he may often find time 



Flour. — We have ascertained that there has 

 been manufactured in Rochester, in a year pre- 

 vious to the first inst. 242,000 barrels of flour, and 

 that the millers have paid out for wheat during 

 the same period $1,160,000. 



This wheat has been purchased principally in 

 this state ; but a considerable quantity has ulso 

 been bought in Ohio which is becoming a impor- 

 tant wheat market. 



Large quantities of wheat have also been pur- 

 chased and manufactured by millers in the neigh- 



C. S. Williams has a calico printing works 

 connected with his nulls, where nearly all the 

 cloth he makes is printed. 



Badger's machine shop turns out $8,000 worth 

 of work, yearly. The father of Mr. B. makes 

 18,000 pails, turned out of solid blocks, work 50 

 cts. each, per year. 



From the American Farmer. 

 vation of Quinoa, or Peruvian 



Cult 

 Rice.- The only direction that we have ob- 

 tained from Peru for cultivating the quinoa, 

 is, that it is to be sown and managed like 

 wheat. From our brief experience we find 

 this entirely erroneous, and by following it 

 last summer we lost at least nineteen-twenti- 

 eths of our small supply of seed. We sow- 

 ed the seed in drills one foot apart, the seed 

 in the drills about as close as wheat, on com- 

 mon soil. The result was, the plants stood 

 so close that few ol them bore seed; while 

 a few scattering plants that grew singly, 

 yielded abundantly ; and the richer the 

 ground the greater was the yield,— so much 

 so was this the case, that one plant that grew 

 in a spent hotbed (a pile of rotten stable ma- 

 nure with a few inches of soil on the top,) 

 yielded about two quarts of seed. We con- 



