Vol. 1.— No. 50. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



from the seed planted with its long shoots on, and 

 smaller: the tops from the other seed, came up 

 singly, few in nam ier, and uncommonly large, 

 like asparagus, in a rich old bed. Better potatoes, 

 I never saw. 



While on this subject let me commend your ob- 

 servations, on raising potatoes, which my own 

 experience satisfies me are perfectly just. Moist 

 land, produces the driest and best potatoes. This 

 I have longknown. The soil of my Garden is very 

 dry, a gravelly loam. In order to get dry and 

 mealy potatoes, and a good crop, I plant only 

 when the ground is wanned up to the temperature 

 ■>f quick vegetation, and plant deep in the ground 

 —too deep in the opinion of my neighbors. I 

 always get good, however, and they escape injury 

 by drought, to which our land is very subject — 

 The potatoes that grow so near the surface as to 

 have a greenish cast, are always watery : so, com- 

 pared with those that lie nearest the surface, with 

 (he deepest in the ground, the upper are always 

 the finest. This may be proved, by cooking 

 some, from the same hill. Few people, m Irv 

 •round, plant deep -nough. COLUMELLA. 



FOR THE GENESKS FARMER. 



On the subject of ' Fall Ploughing,' my own 

 experience condemns that practice, having tried 

 it, occasionally, and on all sorts of soils, except 

 tidy, and such as lie on hard-pans, for more than 

 30 years. On all these, the practice was injurious 

 to the land, and to an extent more than equal to a- 

 ny gain in time. I mean late Fall ploughing, 

 you will observe, intended to aid in the work of 

 the coming spring. I have tried it on old sord, 

 in meadows that required breaking up, designed 

 for com, on parts of fields, and have let the rest 

 lie till spring, by way of experiment, and not 

 once or twice only, but many times, in hopes to 

 destroy worms, and the result has always dis- 

 couraged the practice. I have discontinued it, 

 therefore, and yet would not say that it may not 

 succeed, somewhere, on some sorts of land. If 

 on any, it must on clay, which needs frost to pul- 

 verize it. 



I am zealously an advocate, however, for anoth- 

 er sort of fall ploughing, and for another pur- 

 pose, on which subject you shall hear from me 

 some time in the course of the present winter. — 

 That is, earCy fall ploughing, and asccond crop, 

 after wheat and rye harvest, in which, compared 

 with our common mode, there is room for im- 

 mense improvement. Experience, is a safe coun- 

 sellor: I shall write from experience. It is a ve- 

 ry pleasant employment in long winter evenings, 

 to review the work of tilt: past summer, and from 

 the records of experience, to state facts and results, 

 for our agricultural Journals, thus holding con- 

 verse with our brother Farmers. We thus meet, 

 in social absence, and converse most profitably. 

 Yours, AMERICA N US. 



Ed-stun. Pa. Dec 2, 1831. — A sptcime/i of 

 utn Boston Farmer. — Our neighbor Tnomas 

 Sebiig, raised oil" of 7 acres of land in one 

 year the following produce: 

 8> Bushels of Wheat, 

 190 " " Corn, 

 40 " " Buckwheat, 

 120 " " Potatoes, 

 80 " " Turnips, 

 4 Tons " Hay, 

 15 Loads " Pumpkins, 

 25 Weeks Pasture for 4 Cows 



39? 



MAJOR KIRBV'S ADDRESS. 

 (Concluded from page 391.) 



One of the mosl serious evils to which 

 the farmer is exposed, is the fluctuation of the 

 market lor the products of his labor. This 

 will ever be the case while we are dependent, 

 lor the disposal of our surplus, upon the pol- 

 icy or the wants of foreign countries. A stea- 

 dy maiket, at remunerating prices, is all we 

 ask, and this, in legard to one of our most 

 valuable staples, we have now a right to count 

 upon. 



Piotecting duties upon wool and its man- 

 ufactures have stood the test of experience. 

 Both the wool grower and the manufacturer, 

 are prospering under them, while they ope- 

 rate injuriously upon no part ol the country, 

 nor upon any class of community, inasmuch 

 as the fabric of wool canoe purchased at 

 lower pi ices than they could before these du- 

 ties were imposed." Having been adupti d 

 deliberately, and operating beneficially, we 

 may reg ird thein as part of the settled poli- 

 cy of die country. 



The domestic supply of wool is yet below 

 the demand, and notwithstanding the high 

 duties, large importations are constantly 

 made. These will continue several years, in- 

 suring to the wool grower a liberal puce. 

 But when a full supply shall be produced in 

 the country, and importations cease, compe- 

 tition win regulat. production, and it will 

 continue to bear a fair price. 



There is no part of the country better a- 

 dapted to the raising of sheep than this. From 

 the best information, it appears that our 

 sheep winter as well, or better, than they do 

 in any of the extensive wool growing coun 

 tries. The dest.ociive maladies, which some 

 times sweep off whole flocks in Europe, are 

 unknown among us. There is no stock that 

 multiplies more rapidly than this, an:' none 

 in ire readily less leduced VVe may beai in 

 mind also, that no other stock is better cal 

 ciliated to promote the fertility of the soil 

 Every thing then invites attention to this 

 branch of husbandry, and no farm should be 

 without a flock of line wooled sheep. 



Ol the various breeds of sheep to be found 

 in the country, tne Saxon is in highest lepute, 

 and its wool brings the highest price in mar 

 ket. The extensive importations of Saxon 

 sheep, duiing the last few years, place them 

 within the reach of every larmei.and bucks of 

 full blood, and of every grade of mixture, 

 may be "procured without going out of the 

 county. These animals thrive in our cli- 

 mate without any extraordinary attention, 

 and crossed with our common sheep, much of 

 ihe li..e fleece of the saxony, is combined with 

 the laigei and more vigorous carcass of our 

 native breed. 



Nothing marks m re strikingly the pro- 

 gress in agricultural science, than the de- 

 gree of attention which is paid to gardens 

 and fruit. The) constitute a thermometer, 

 by which tojudge the character of the farmer. 



"A bale of coarse woollen cloths was recently 

 imported into Charleston. S. C , from England, 

 and the payment of the duties refused, for the pur- 

 pose of testing the co •siitutiouality of a protecting 

 tariff, before the legal tribunal 



It is slated in a Charlesion paper, that the actual 

 cost of that cloth inclu.img freight, insurance Atc.| 

 hut exclusive of duties, was sixty-two cents perj 

 yard. It was sold at Charleston, "at the fair 

 market value," sixty-eight cenls per yard. From 

 which it would appear, dial the domestic manufac- 

 ture ol such goods, has so reduced the market' 

 price, thai the foreign article cannot be imported, J 

 EVBsrnEEor norv, and yield a reasonable pro.! 

 ft, 



\ttached to every farm house, there should 

 be a neatly cultivated garden, with a com- 

 partment allotted to vegetables, another to 

 choice fruit, and a third to shrubbery and 

 flowers, which last should he under the ex- 

 clusive direction ol the female part of the 

 family. This may be attained without any 

 interference with the Ordinary work of the 

 faun, and besides being a great ornament, 

 would constitute a source of substantial en- 

 joyment, to all the inmates of the house. A 

 liule attention to the garden, loads the table 

 of the laboring man with the choicest deli- 

 cacies of the vegetable world, supplying at 

 once a cheap and wholesome diet ; and affor- 

 ding a delightful retreat foi the family in the 

 hours of relaxation from w rk. 



In thee.nly stages of the settlement of the 

 county, attention was mainly directed to pro- 

 vide the necessaries of life, and an almost to- 

 tal disregard of its refinenienis and delicacies 

 prevailed. Hence it is, that our farms and 

 gardens are so scantily slocked wiih fruit 

 trees. Public attention however, is awake- 

 ning to this deficiency; as the nnmeious 

 young and thrifty oichards in every direc- 

 tion, testify ; but upon this subject much re- 

 mains to be done ; for it is not sufficient to 

 plant orchards of seedling trees,and then leave 

 them to the sole care of nature, to he over- 

 run with grass, moss, and shoots from the 

 roots ; or to be browsed by cattle, and final- 

 ly to become black hearted and die of pre- 

 mature old age. Young fruit trees require 

 is much attention as young corn, to pies rve 

 them in a healthy state. Theground should 

 lie manured and kept loose around the roots, 

 in order to give them an opportunity to ex- 

 pand and impart vigor to the stock. They 

 should be carefully pruned, at the proper 

 reason, which in this climate, is not till af- 

 ter the leaf begins to open in the spring ; and 

 finallv. if not already done in the nursery, 

 they should be grafted or inoculated, with 

 choice varieties, so as to supply the table 

 through the various seasons of the year. 



There are several nurseries in the county, 

 especially that of Mr. Ilepp, in Le Ray, 

 from which good selections, of grafted fruit, 

 may be made: we may also lesort, witii 

 great facility, to the excellent nursery of 

 Judge Buel, at Albany, which is situated in 

 a climate not unlike our own, and trees from 

 them succeed admirably here. This nurse- 

 ry has been formed tinder the care of a gen- 

 tleman distinguished for scientific and prac- 

 tical attainments, who has been at infinite 

 pains in collecting, both from Europe and A- 

 merica. tne most valuable varieties of every 

 kind of fruit, suited to the climate. These 

 can be procured from him, upon the most 

 reasonable terms; and by means of the Erie 

 and Oswego canals, may be brought, at a 

 trifling expense, into the centre of the coun- 

 ty, without any of the damage arising from 

 land carriage. 



VVe may now name the grape among our 

 most sure and productive fruits. It is hut 

 little more than four years since the foieign 

 varieties of this excellent fruit were, through 

 the instrumentality of your President, intro- 

 duced to any considerable extent, into the 

 county; and this year the crop is most a- 

 hundant wherever those vines were dissem- 

 inated. Oui warmest acknowledgments are 

 due to that gentleman, for the enlightened 

 and persevering zeal, with which he has ad- 

 vocated this culture, contending against in- 

 difference and prejudice, till a high degree 

 of success has ci owned the effort, 



