20 



(Elic ifarmcr's iiloutljli) bisiicr. 



ami they cannot he good house-keepers without 

 a trrorungh mid practical teaching to that end. 

 Our daughters should he practically taught to 

 bake, wash, sweep, cook, set table, make lip beds, 

 sew, knit, darn stockings, take care ot children, 

 nurse, and do everything pertaining to the order, 

 neatness, economy and happiness of the house- 

 hold. All this they can learn as well as not, and 

 better than not. It need not interfere in the 

 least with their intellectual education, nor with 

 the highest style of refinement. On the contrary, 

 it shall greatly contribute thereto. Only let that 

 time, or even a portion of it, which is worse than 

 wasted in idleness, sauntering, gossip, frivolous 

 reading, and the various modern female dissipa- 

 tions which kill time and health, he devoted to 

 domestic duties and domestic education, and our 

 daughters would soon be all that can be desired. 

 A benign, regenerating influence would go forth 

 through all the families of the land. Health and 

 joy would sparkle in many a now lustreless eye; 

 the bloom woidd turn to grace many a failed 

 cheek; and doctor's hills would fast give way to 

 bills of wholesome fare. — Rev. E. H. Winslow. 



©I)c lltsitor. 



CONCORD, N. H., FEBRUARY 29, 1848. 



lintish America. 



The British possessions in North America ex- 

 tend over the continent from the Atlantic on the 

 east to the Pacific ocean on the west, nearly half 

 round the globe: by an arbitrary line east of the 

 bay of Fundy, along the north side of Maine and 

 the tip end of New Hampshire, the division is 

 further north ; but along the line of Vermont 

 across Champlain to lake Ontario, the British 

 territory comes down south to the latitude of 

 45 degrees — thence westward to Superior, the 

 centre of the lakes, and connecting river waters? 

 is the boundary. Westward from Superior to 

 the Pacific, the latitude of 49 degrees is presum- 

 ed to be the inlet on the Pacific, near the mouth 

 of the Columbia river. 



Canada West, embracing the territory north- 

 east of Ontario and Erie to the shores of lake 

 Huron, is at present) in the course of rapid set- 

 tlement. It is probably the most valuable coun- 

 try for cultivation in British North America. 

 There are said to be four hundred townships 

 here; laid off, we believe, of the extent often 

 miles on each side of a square. This generally 

 is a wheat and grain-growing country equal to 

 the best lands of western New York and Michi- 

 gan. The British American Cultivator, printed 

 at Toronto, informs us that there are one hun- 

 dred agricultural societies in the townships of 

 Canada West : these societies are extensively 

 patronized by the British Land Company, who 

 have an interest to extend the cultivation. Some 

 fifteen thousand pounds sterling are annually of- 

 fered to be paid out in premiums for the best 

 productions in agriculture. Introducing at once 

 the best improvements of the mother country — 

 the thorough cultivation by which the crops ol 

 wheat are raised from twelve and fifteen bushels 

 to forty and fifty bushels to the acre — the mag- 

 nificent townships of Canada West, lying be- 

 tween the lakes, are destined to become the gar- 

 den of North America nearest the seaboard. 



Within the next five years, the completion of 

 the railroads through New Hampshire and Ver- 

 mont, over New York to Ontario, will open tin 

 immense trade directly with Boston, Portsmouth 

 and Portland, as the nearest eligible points of the 

 Atlantic. Through this avenue, is it highly prob- 

 able, will the trade of Canada West, with the 

 mother country, take its course. Besides this 

 great trade, that of the entire north-west of the 



United States would naturally come as the near- 

 est in distance. Hereafter, it will be the policy of 

 the two countries to encourage and keep up an 

 open and free transit each over the territory of 

 the other, and all for the benefit of both. Such 

 a policy will be in consonance with that which 

 has already been opened in the free interchange 

 of commodities recently growing into the prac- 

 tice of both nations — a policy which admits our 

 agricultural products freely into Great Britain 

 under a low duty, and which cannot fail to call 

 for reciprocal exchange — opening to an extended 

 market for every kind of production, the work of 

 human hands. 



The Upper Canada agricultural newspaper 

 which we have in band, presents us evidence 

 that a restriction on the transit of wheat intended 

 for the protection of the Canada grower at the 

 harvest of the very last season, created a differ- 

 ence of from one-fourth to three-eighths of a 

 dollar in every bushel of wheat to the disadvan- 

 tage of the same Canadian grower: the Canadian 

 monopolized his own marker by the protection 

 of a higher duty on American wheat. The 

 United States responded the same duty. The 

 demand for flour was greater at New York and 

 Boston for consumption in the United Stales, 

 than at Montreal for consumption in England. 

 The consequence was, that the British wheat on 

 the north shores of the lakes was not worth as 

 much into twenty-five to fifty cents in the bushel, 

 as the American wheat upon the other shore of 

 the same lakes. The Canada wheat-growers 

 were pressing for the better protection which 

 a more free and open trade would give them. 



There is a marked difference in the intercourse 

 now between the States and Canada, to that ex- 

 isting twenty years ago. We first visited the 

 Niagara frontier in 183G: at that time the gov- 

 ernment of the two Canadas was separate. Sir 

 Penegrine Maitland, a military chiel of renown 

 in the wars with Bonaparte in Spain, resided at 

 a beautiful villa three or four ::>iles below the 

 falls. He was too distant to be approached by 

 any American from the States: the members ot 

 his own provincial council, residents and natives 

 of Canada, one of whom travelled with us and 

 gave the information, could only he allowed to 

 visit him on official business. 



A change seems to have come over the dreams 

 of this British nobility in Canada since that time. 

 Thi: office of governor general of the Canadas, 

 now next lo the crown of Great Britain itself, 

 with only the exception of that ol' the lord-lieu- 

 tenant oflreland, is held by a nobleman, resident 

 we believe, in Toronto: the style and title of 

 this functionary is Earl of Elgin and Kincardine. 

 He was governor of the island of Jamaica at the 

 time of the negro emancipation of that island, 

 and has lately been advanced to his present 

 place: at home in Scotland, ho was "James 

 Bruce of Kiuloss and Torry," a descendant from 

 that Bruce immortalized by Burns as having 

 " often led " his highland followers to their " gory 

 bed, or to victory." To such a nobleman, bring- 

 ing himself down to the level of the hard culti- 

 vators of the soil, at a meeting of the Provincial 

 Agricultural Association of Upper Canada, on 

 the 17th October, 1847, in the city of Hamilton, 

 we introduce the American farmers, in the publi- 

 cation of the following address. 



After the toast had been proposed — "Our no- 

 ble patron of the Agricultural Association of 

 Upper Canada, his excellency the Governor Gen- 

 eral," that gentleman rose, and in a clear and 

 audible style, said — 



I sincerely thank you for this welcome. — The 

 cheers with which it has been accompanied, a- 

 waken a response here, (the Governor laying his 

 hand on his breast) which assures me that they 

 cnme from the heart, (Cheers.) Gentlemen, 

 from the day on which your President, Mr. 

 Thomson, announced to me that a meeting of 

 the Provincial Agricultural Society of Upper 

 Canada, would take place during the autumn, I 

 resolved that no obstacles which were surmount- 

 able, should prevent me from attending it. 

 (Cheers.) I felt confident, that the occasion 

 could not fail to be full of interest and gratifica- 

 tion to me, and 1 have not been disappointed in 

 my expectations. (Cheers.) 1 certainly regret 

 that we should have had such a rainy day, for 

 though we agriculturalists appreciate a good 

 shower at a proper season, we are, I believe, all 

 agreed, that on a show day, it is better to have 

 fine weather. 



I have been much gratified, however, by what 

 1 have seen to-day. To tell you the truth, I ex- 

 pected to find great ingenuity displayed in the 

 implements of husbandry, but, my expectations 

 have been surpassed, in the exhibition of cattle 

 and sheep. I was also much gratified to find 

 that your exhibition was not confined to the pro- 

 duce of agriculture, hut that it also included spe- 

 cimens of native talent, in the arts and manufac- 

 tures. But, gentlemen, I must. confess to you, 

 that there is one circumstance connected with 

 this meeting, which gives me still higher gratifi- 

 cation than all these — it is, that I find myself this 

 evening, for the first time since my arrival in 

 Canada, surrounded by some hundreds of the 

 enterprising and intelligent men, to whose skill 

 and industry, we owe the progress which Canada 

 has already made, in the cultivation of the useful 

 arts, and to whom we must look for the further 

 development ofher almost unparalleled resources. 

 (Great applause.) 



I repeat it, of all the incidents of this interest- 

 ing meeting, that which is mo>t gratifying to me 

 is, to find myself among you, sharing your inter- 

 ests, abetting your endeavors, putting, if you 

 will allow the expression, my shoulder to the 

 wheel along with you. ( Tremendous cheering.) 

 For gentlemen, you must permit me this oppor- 

 tunity of observing, (and in making this observa- 

 tion I shall take care, Mr. President, not to in- 

 fringe upon that admirable rule of your society, 

 which precludes the introduction of political 

 topics at your meetings) ihat while no one ever 

 filled the situation of Governor General, who 

 held in more sincere respect than I do, the rights 

 and privileges of a free people ; while no one 

 was ever more profoundly impressed with the 

 conviction that, in order to the harmonious work- 

 ing of eveiy political system, it is indispensable 

 that the co-ordinate powers should, each of them, 

 confine itself within the limits prescribed by the 

 constitution ; yet, on the other hand, 1 must with 

 equal sincerity affirm, that no one was ever less 

 disposed to suffer the high office with which his 

 Sovereign had intrusted him, to degenerate into 

 a pageant, (cheers) or to forfeit the honorable 

 hope of identifying his name wiih the advance- 

 ment of a great Province, and its enterprising 

 inhabitants, in order to pass tin- time of iiis so- 

 journ among you, in the enjoyment of inglorious 

 repose, or in the performance of empty ceremo- 

 ny. (Tremendiuis and long continued cheers.) 

 Therefore, gentlemen, you Can understand with 

 what perfect sincerity I speak when I assure 

 you, that it gives me the highest gratification to 

 find myself among you this evening, lending 

 whatever influence attaches to my position, to 

 the promotion of those great and worthy objects, 

 on behalf of which you are assembled together. 

 And, gentlemen, what are those objects? What 

 dues the promotion of agricultural improvements 

 in Canada involve? I need not remind you that 

 in all countries, and in all conditions of society, 

 agriculture ranks high as an honorable and use- 

 ful pursuit; agriculture is the art upon which 

 man depends, not only for his daily bread, hut 

 also mainly for the comfort and luxuries of lile. 

 For, if we look deeply into the matter, we shall 

 find that the most elaborate processes of manu- 

 facture are, for the most pari, manipulations of 

 agricultural products. Look, for instance, lo that 

 greatest of all manufacturing interests, the cotton 

 manufacturing interest of Great Britain — see 

 how dependent thai interest is upon agriculture, 

 which furnishes it with the raw material. Look, 



