52 



&1)C jTarmcr's iltontljly lUoitov. 



and motionless, and heavy masses of cavalry 

 seemed converted into so many statues. Imme- 

 diately before the eye's of these soldiers was the 

 palace of the Tuileries in full possession of the 

 mob; but not a muscle moved for their expul- 

 sion. 



Passing into the gardens, 1 perceived that 

 thousands of persons were spread over their sur- 

 face, and a rattling discharge of fire-arms was 

 heard on all sides. Looking about for the cause of 

 this, I perceived that hundreds of men and boys 

 were amusing themselves with shooting spar- 

 rows and pigeons, which had hitherto found a 

 secure resting place in this favorite resort of 

 leisure and luxury. Others were discharging 

 their muskets for the mere fun of making a 

 noise. Proceeding through the gardens, I came 

 at last to the palace. It had now been, lor more 

 than an hour, in full possession of the insurgents. 

 All description fails to depict a scene like this. 

 The whole front of the Tuileries, one-tenth of a 

 mile in length, seemed gushing, at doors, win- 

 dows, balconies, and galleries, with living multi- 

 tudes — a mighty bee-hive of men, in the very an 

 of swarming. A confused hubbub filled the air, 

 and bewildered the senses by its chaotic sounds. 



At the moment I arrived, the throne of the 

 king was borne away by a jubilant band of revel- 

 lers ; and after being paraded through the streets, 

 was burned at the Place de la Bastile — a signifi- 

 cant episode in this tale of wonders. The co- 

 lossal statue of Spartacus, which faces the main 

 door of the palace, toward the gardens, was now 

 decorated with a piece of gill cloth, torn from 

 the throne, and wreathed like a turban around 

 his head. In his hand was a gorgeous bouquet 

 of artificial flowers. It seemed as if the frown- 

 ing gladiator had suddenly caught the spirit of 

 the revel, and was about to descend from his pe- 

 destal and mingle in the masquerade. 



I entered the palace, and passed through t lie 

 long suite of apartments devoted to occasions of 

 ceremony. A year before I had seen these gor- 

 geous halls filled with the great and the fur — the 

 favored and the noble, gathered to this focal 

 point of luxury, refinement and taste, from every 

 quarter of the world. Mow litlle did Louis Phi- 

 lippe, at that moment, dream of "coming events!" 

 How litlle did the stately, queen — a proud obelisk 

 of silk and lace, and diamonds — foresee the 

 change that was at hand! I recollect well the 

 effect of this scene upon my own mind, ami felt 

 the full force of the contrast which the present 

 moment presented. In the very room where I 

 bad seen the pensive and pensile Princess de 

 Joinville and the Duchess of Montpensier — then 

 fresh from the hymeniul altar — her raven hair 

 sudded with a few diamonds, like stars of the 

 first magnitude — whirling in the mazy dance — I 

 now beheld four creatures, like Caliban, gambol- 

 ing to the song of the Marseillaise. 



On every side my eye fell upon scenes of de- 

 struction. Passing to the other end of the pa- 

 lace, I beheld a mob in the chambers of the 

 princesses. Some rolled themselves in the lus- 

 cious beds; others anointed their heads with 

 choice pomade, exclaiming, •' Dieu, how sweel 

 it smells!" One of the Gamins, gi immed with 

 gunpowder, blood and dirt, seized a tooth-brush, 

 and placing himself before a mirror, seemed de- 

 lighted at the manifest improvement which hn 

 produced upon his ivory. 



In leaving the palace, I saw numbers of the 

 men drinking wine from the bottles found In the 

 cellars. None of ihem were positively drunk ; 

 to use the words of Tarn O'Shanter, " they were 

 na' foil, but just had plenty," perhaps a litlle 

 more. They flourished their guns and pistols, 

 brandished their swords, and performed various 

 antics; but they offered no insult to any one. 

 They seemed in excellent humor, and made more 

 than an ordinary display of French politeness. 

 They complimented the women, of which there 

 was no lack, and one of lliem. seeming like a figure 

 of Pan, seized a maiden by the waist, and both 

 rigadooned merrily over the floor. 



Leaving the scene of waste, confusion and up- 

 roar, I proceeded towards the gate of the gar- 

 dens leading into the Rue Rivnli. 1 was surprised 

 to find here a couple of ruthless looking hlouse- 

 men, armed with pistols, keeping guard. On 

 inquiry, 1 found that the mob themselves had in- 

 stituted a sort of government. One fellow, in 

 the midst of the devastation in the palace, seeing 

 a man put something into his pocket, wrote on 



the wall, "Death to the thief!" The Draconian 

 code was immediately adopted by the mob, ami 

 became the law of Paris. Five persons, taken 

 in acts of robbery, were shot down by the peo- 

 ple, and their bodies exposed in the streets, with 

 the label of "Thieves," on their breasts. Thus 

 order and law seem to spring up from the in- 

 stincts of society, in the midst of confusion, like 

 crystals startling from the chaos of the elements. 



Three days had now passed, and the revolu- 

 tion was accomplished. The people soon re- 

 turned to their wonted habits — the provisional 

 government proceeded in lis duties — the barri- 

 cades disappeared, and in a single week the 

 more obtrusive traces of the storm that hail pass- 

 ed, had vanished from the streets and squares of 

 Paris. A mighty shock has, however, been given 

 to society, which still swells and undulates like 

 the sea after a storm. The adjacent countries 

 seem to feel the movement, and all Europe is in 

 a state of agitation. What must he the final re- 

 sult, cannot now he foreseen ; but I fear that ere 

 the sky he cleared, still further tempests must 

 sweep over France, as well as other nations. 



I beg you lo excuse the haste with which 1 

 write, and believe me vours, truly, 



S. G. GOODRICH. 



&l)c Visitor. 



CONCORD, N. H., APRIL 30, 1848. 



The Theory of Cultivation for which the Visi- 

 tor asks to be considered the American dis- 

 coverer first broaching it before the public, 

 aud its utility. 



Of those who write in this country on the sub- 

 ject of agriculture, it is to be regretted that nine 

 out of ten are the merest sciolists, skimming the 

 surface and adopting theories which only have a 

 partial foundation in truth. We acknowledge 

 ourselves to he of the number; and we are free 

 to confess that the more we find out, the stronger 

 grows the conviction that all our best knowledge 

 is but imperfect. 



Correcting ourselves step by step, we may be- 

 lieve, that the knowledge of to-day is better than 

 that of yesterday : experimental knowledge, or 

 that derived from our own practice, is better than 

 any oilier. We have a right to feel and express 

 some enthusiasm when we find out some new 

 principle, the application of which will either 

 lessen the expense of labor or increase lhe pro- 

 duction of our mother earth. 



We have been taught by observation from 

 youth that those men who for love of the occu- 

 pation, retiring or turning their attention from 

 some other calling, have taken up the business 

 of farming, have, nine cases out of leu, failed to 

 make the two ends meet. Their change of oc- 

 cupation has been a losing business, from which, 

 after a while, they retire in discouragement, if 

 not in disgust. There are several reasons why 

 this should be so. In the first place the gentle- 

 man farmer goes in extensively for ornament and 

 the gratification of fancy, all of which lakes from, 

 hut carries lilile hack loihe purse. In lhe second 

 place, lhe nature of the new occupation is such, 

 that the unpractised economist can proceed with 

 no regular system upon the farm such as is pur- 

 sued by the merchant in marking up and realiz- 

 ing his calculated profits, or the artisan or me- 

 chanic who turns off his work of a specified 

 quality and price, or of the mariner who makes 

 it a rule at every place and port he visits to effect 

 neither sales or exchanges without profits. The 

 new farmer must conform to the habits of his 

 neighbors, who work not as those who make 

 money out of every thing, hut who do all of 

 themselves necessary for their own family con- 

 venience, saving and making sure profits out of 



what they sell, because they have lo pay hack 

 nothing for the hire of labor or expensive pur- 

 chases. In this operation hundreds of farmers 

 actually become wealthy and independent, who 

 must grow poor under the system of hiring 

 any considerable portion of their labor. A i 

 third reason for lhe failure of the mere ama- 

 teur farmer is, that the system of farming gen- 

 erally, after the opening of new lands, lends to 

 make the product of lhe land less aud less. 



Now if ihere he any individual credit due to 

 our own efforts during the last ten years, it will 

 lie in the discovery of that principle ol our mo- 

 ther earth of which, as yet, we have found no 

 other individual who goes with us the whole 

 length : it is the proposition, that all soils and in- 

 deed all portions of the earth below that point where 

 the plough or spade has yet reached are belter for 

 vegetable production than that now used. From lhe 

 existence of this living principle, bestowed by lhe 

 Deity for the hem til ami sustenance of lhe w hole 

 animal creation, we deduce the fact that the un- 

 practised farmer, the man who pursues this call- 

 ing wiili the want either of inclination or physi- 

 cal ability to labor with his own hands, may do 

 it with an equal and perhaps heller chance of 

 success than in most other callings. 



Men of larger capacity ami heller pecuniary 

 ability than ourselves — men who have served ill 

 high public offices reining ami rejoiced lo see 

 the face of nature flourishing and invigorated — 

 enler with zeal, "green horns" like ourselves, in 

 the occupation of farmers. Such men could not 

 well get on without making an outlay before re- 

 alizing any thing equal to what the common 

 farmer of lhe interior would consider property 

 enough to enable him to subsist without labor. — 

 .Several of these gentlemen have been pleased to 

 express their sympathy, if not their approbation 

 of the manner in which we have treated the 

 subject of agriculture in the Visitor. 



A highly distinguished statesman of New York 

 now retired to the walks of private life, whose 

 amateur zeal for improvement we may believe 

 equals our own, expressing how " interesting " 

 had been the matter contained in our columns — 

 wrote us last winter as follows : 



"The subject in the last Visitor which has 

 most attracted my attention, is thai of subsoil 

 ploughing. It is brought to my notice at the very 

 moment when 1 was considering the pro; riely 

 of deciding ill favor of applying I Ik: subsoil 

 plough lo my gravel and sand uplands against 

 the remonstrance of all my neighbor tanners, 

 save one only who says he has found it useful 

 in the cultivation of roots upon a similar soil- 

 All lhe others are tooth and nail against it. They 

 were, however, il must be said, nearly as decided 

 against its expediency on my low lands, where 1 

 have used it with a success which has silenced 

 my Dutch farmer; and he is now convinced, by 

 seeing with his own eves, that in such a soil — a 

 good sand-loam, with a pretty strong clay sub- 

 soil, abused in limes past by over-tillage, il does 

 much good. He is still however peremptory in 

 respect to lhe folly of applying il lo the gravelly 

 uplands, which have, il should he staled, consid- 

 erable sand also ; ami I must say thai 1 have hith- 

 erto been of the same opinion. 



"The advantages of the subsoil plough, in 

 lands which have a stiffened clay subsoil 1 un- 

 derstand lo consist, 1st, in making more room for 

 lhe too! of lhe plant to spread or seek its lood 

 or its pleasure : 2d, in opening passages for an 

 excess of water in rainy seasons; and, 3d, in 

 the moisture which the earth, below the track of 

 the surface plough, is enabled to afford for the 

 use of the plant m drj seasons. Now in a grav- 

 elly porous sod the first and second qualifications 

 do not appear to he necessary ; and my appre- 

 hension has been '.hat lhe disadvantage that 

 would arise from the escape of the manure on 



