82 



&bc .farmer's it!cmt!)hj lUsitor. 



b ank, from which lie ran draw at pleasure, and 

 without an endorser; lor the manure-yard, the 

 couip' -heap, is the farmer's hank, it is his 

 mine of wealth, and, without it, lie is poor 

 indeed. 



Bui, besides all that the farmer can learn upon 

 this snl.ject from his practical experience, he can 

 undoubtedly derive great assistance from -chemi- 

 cal science^ and to this lie should by no means 

 shut his eyes. If he would elevate his profes- 

 sion, if he ivould ensure to his labor the reward 

 of wealth and competence, he must make the 

 discoveries of science tributary to it. The true 

 course of the tanner is, not to spend his time in 

 complaining of the advantages which knowledge 

 and science give to other pursuits, but rather to 

 make know ledge and science subservient to bis 

 profession. Instead iff decrying the importance 

 of these, let us use them for our own purposes. 

 Let US use them with good sense, care, and 

 economy. We see the vapor fall in rain, and 

 vegetation receiving it and rejoicing. The 

 winds of heaven are. continually passing over 

 our fields, ami the air is purified and made the 

 proper food for vegetable lite. The sun is con- 

 tinually warming and urging the plant to grow; 

 it also gives iis light, that it may mature. The 

 air carries with it ncygen to the seed, thai causes 

 it lo germinate; and furnishes to the leaves, the 

 lungs of the plant, carbon, without which the 



cts well 

 he stop 



plant must cease to he. These are 

 understood by the farmer. But slioul 

 here? Should he rest content with but this 

 amount of knowledge, which nature has vouch- 

 safed to him almost unasked for? Surely not, it 

 he would he master of his profession, and main- 

 tain that professional dignity which becomes 

 him. He should call to his aid iheinowledge ol 

 scientific men, and by this, learn to mix and 

 manage the elements of earth and air with more 

 than magic skill. He should take care that the 

 mechanical and manufacturing arts do not enjoy 

 all t lie benefits of the discoveries of chemical 

 science. He should claim, for agriculture, its 

 just proportion. In his experiments, especially 

 upon the subject of manures, he can thus make 

 much greater progress, and attain much more 

 important results. 



The discoveries of scientific men are of no 

 use, until practically applied, and tested by prac- 

 tical farmers. And who are to test and apply 

 them, if we are not ? How shall all these mix- 

 tures be applied? What does each particular 

 soil require? Shall they be applied in a fer- 

 mented or in an unlei inented sinle ? On the 

 surface or turned under-? Put on, as a top- 

 dressing, in spring or in autumn ? What partic- 

 ular dressing does each particular crop require? 

 These, me questions involving the laws ot na- 

 ture, the principles of art, and careful experi- 

 mental labor and observation in the compost- 

 heap, anil in the field. Our vocation is, to ren- 

 der the earth productive. One great and impor 

 taut agent in production, is manure. Its abun- 

 dant production, and its economical application, 

 require the combination of scientific knowledge, 

 and practical industry. Science is do'uiL' her 

 part: let agriculture he ever ready to .do hers. 

 The farmer is never too old to learn, until he is 

 too old to labor. 



Those who succeed well in any business or 

 profession are usually found to conduct their 

 business with system, order, and neatness. Sys- 

 tem, order, and neatness, should ever be the 

 study ot ihe farmer. When the fields of the 

 fanner are found to he badly laid out, bordered 

 with hedge-rows ; his fences crooked and half 

 down; the stable for every thing, and not fit for 

 any thing; the out-buildings awkwardly situated, 

 with few or no conveniences; bis slock o-ie 

 thud mere than can be made comforiable, and 

 kept in a thrifty and growing state upon his 

 farm ; his tools and implements of husbandry 

 left some in one place and some in another, scat- 

 tered over his farm, and many of them unfit for 

 use ; surely the wan: of success of such a fanner 

 n ils no explanation. These appearances full) 

 explain it. They show w hy he has been kepi 

 poor when lie should have been made rich. Lei 

 our young farmers, then, when they begin life 

 for themselves, study system, order, and a con- 

 tinual regard for practical convenience, and their 

 industry will he sen- to meet its just reward. 

 The effects of system, order, and c/ire, appeal- 



to striking advantage in the rearing and manage- 

 ment of .domestic animals. The ox, the cow, 

 the horse, sheep and swine, are animals of prac- 

 tical use, and some of them are parties with us 

 in the labors of the field. It is but a part of 

 civilization imd Christianity to treat them with 

 kindness and humanity. Bui more than this can 

 he done, as the experience of many members ol 

 ibis society attests, and as its annual shows have 

 abundantly proved. What a wonderful triumph 

 of human reason and power, that the animals, 

 given and subjected to man by the great Author 

 of agriculture, can be moulded and fashioned to 

 his liking, as the clay is fashioned by ihe potter. 

 Form and figure, size, and power of hone and 

 muscle, adaptedness to the peculiar service re- 

 quired, kindness and docility of disposition, and 

 even agreeable countenance and expression, by 

 patient and skilful breeding, can be successfully 

 attained. What can lie asked more? Modern 

 discoveries are said to enah'e the farmer to de- 

 cide, with unerring certainty, which of his 

 heiler calves should be raised for Ihe dairy, and 

 which should be prepared for the shambles ; and 

 Ibis by marks and indications readily perceived 

 by the common observer. Comparison ol know- 

 ledge and experience has done much in the im- 

 provement of our stock of animals, particularly 

 of neat cattle. In ibis improvement, as well as 

 in that of other stock, the generous competition, 

 produced by the encouragement of this and 

 other agricultural societies, has greatly aided. 



Cheese.— The States of New York, Ohio, 

 Vermont and Connecticut, have become famous 

 for the produce of this article, and large quanti- 

 ties of it are manufactured for shipment to Eng- 

 land, where it has superseded much of Ihe Dutch 

 and Iiish cheese, with which for a century back, 

 the aristocrac of England have supplied their 

 tables. This cheese is made very rich and solid, 

 so that it will keep a great while, and is in its 

 highest slate of excellence, when having been 

 ripened anil mellowed by a year's keeping, li is 

 seldom seen in the northern markets, as a much 

 mote inferior article is more saleable here. 

 What liille there is of this cheese consumed in 

 the United Slates, sells at about leu cents a lb. 

 bv wholesale. In England, it readily brings 

 from seventeen to twenty cents, and has pretty 

 liniformly paid a handsome profit, over cost, 

 freight, duties and other charges. The reduction 

 of the duty in England, which has enabled us to 

 send such large quantities of cheese there, with- 

 ,in a year or two, has added considerably to the 

 depression of Ireland, by breaking up many ol 

 their dairies, ami it has lessened materially the 

 profits of the Dutch farmers, who formerly from 

 their proximity enabling them to watch the 

 English market, supplied most of the foreign 

 cheese consumed in it. 



We have before published some statistics of 

 the great cheese making counties in New York, 

 in which this article is the staple product. 



The Commissioner of Products of Ohio has 

 recently given a statement show ing the export ol 

 butter and cheese from that Stale, which is set 

 down. at twelve millions pounds of cheese and 

 four millions pounds hotter. The product of 

 cheese of the five great Whig counties of the 

 Westeren Reserve, settled originally by emi- 

 grants from Connecticut, but in which many 

 Germans have since located themselves, amounts 

 lo eleven millions four hundred and fifty thou- 

 sand pounds, that of the county of Ashtabula 

 being five million pounds, and that of Trumbull 

 four millions. — JVewbunjporl Htrald. 



Important Discovert. — The New Orleans 

 Delta says: Mr. Davison, formerly an associate 

 of Dr. Lard tier, in scientific research, has made 

 a very valuable discovery. It is a mode or an 

 apparatus by which meat can he cured at all 

 seasons and ill all climates. By this process any 

 person can cure meat thoroughly in three hours 

 in the warmest weather. Some three or four 

 hundred barrels of beef thus cured have lately 

 been shipped from Houston, (Texas) for N«w 

 Yoik, and some specimens of the same are now 

 in the New Orleans market. This will prove a 

 valuable discovery for the South, and will render 

 her entirely independent of the North and West, 

 for her supply ol salt meat. 



The New States. 



The following table will show the time when 

 the " new States," or those not included in the 

 "Old Thirteen, 1 " were admitted into the Union: 



Vermont was originally a part of New York, 

 or New Hampshire, (for both claimed it,) and wan 

 admitted into the Union March 4, 1791. 



Kentucky, formerly a part of Virginia, admitted 

 into the Union June 1, 1792. 



Tennessee, formed of territory ceded to the 

 United States by the State of North Carolina, 

 admitted into ihe Union June 1, 1796. 



Ohio, formed out of part of ihe territory north- 

 west of the river Ohio ; admitted into the Union 

 November 29, 1802. 



Louisiana, formed out of part of the territory 

 ceded to the United Stales by France, received 

 into the Union April 8, 1812. 



Indiana, formed out of a part of the N. W. 

 Territory ceded to the Untied States by Vir- 

 ginia, admitted into the Union Dec. 11, 1816. 



Mississippi, formed out of a part of the terri- 

 tory ceded to the United States by the Slate of 

 Souih Carolina, admitted into the Union Decem- 

 ber 10, 1817. 



Illinois, formed out of a part of the North- 

 western Territory, admitted into the Union Dec 

 3, 1818. 



.Alabama, formed out of a part of the territory 

 ceded to ihe United States by South Carolina 

 and Georgia, admitted into the Union December 

 14, 1819. 



Maine, formed out of a part of Massachusetts, 

 admitted into the Union March 15, 1820. 



Missouri, formed out of a part of the territory 

 ceded by France by treaty of April 31, 1803, ad- 

 mitted into the Union August 10, 1821. 



Jlrkansas formed a part of the same territory; 

 admitted June 15, 1836. 



Michigan formed a part of the territory ceded 

 to the United Slates by Virginia ; admitted into 

 the Union June 15, 1836. 



Florida, formed out of the territory ceded by 

 Spain to the United Slates by trealy of Feb. 22, 

 1819; admitted March 4, 1845. 



Texas, an independent republic; admitted into 

 the United Stales by a joint resolution of Con- 

 gress, approved March 29, 1845. 



Iowa, admitted into the Union December 28, 

 1846. 



If'isconsin. — An act was passed in May, 1848, 

 to admit this territory into the Union as a Slate. 



Where to Emigrate. 



" The Far West " is now, and has been for 

 years, the grand El Dorado, for persons from the 

 East and North, and from Europe also, who de- 

 spairing of accumulation at home, "strike their 

 tents and march away," with their wives and 

 little ones, to become dwellers in the rude hut or 

 homely log-cabin. Now so far as the fountain 

 of happiness lies within our own bosoms, these 

 emigrants may be as happy in the simple cot in 

 their forest wilds as in the more comfortable 

 mansion of their father-land. It is a truth at 

 once beautiful and holy, 



'• Ttiat wheresoe'er the pure affections dwell 

 And strike a healthful root, is happiness." 



But there will exist in most minds a passionate 

 longing to be rich ; there will ever be an unsatis- 

 fied desire to bequeath to posterity large rever- 

 sionary estates — lands, stocks, houses, &c. The 

 wealth of the affections, a more enduring riches 

 than plantations, coffers, or splendid habitations, 

 is suffered to lose ils preponderance ; speculation 

 i;ets to be all involuntary impulse, and to amass 

 a fortune, the aim of life; whilst emigration only 

 is thought of as the means for the attainment of 

 the great end. So life is spent in endeavoring 

 lo become wealthy in a strange country, and the 

 land of their uativityis forsaken for a new and 

 untried home, whilst the endeavor itself is often 

 frustrated by opposing circumstances. Still the 

 tide of emigration is moving onward to the 

 West, even beyond the Rocky Mountains, while 

 " three-fold advantages" are overlooked at home, 

 in any of the old Stales. Even our own Penn- 

 sylvania, rude and broken as it is in many pails, 

 presents great facilities for all classes of society, 

 not only to acquire a comforiable livelihood, but 

 to amass a fortune. The reason is very obvious. 

 The soil is good, and when well cultivated, 

 yields as abundantly, all in all, the various kinds 



