128 



&l)e JTarmcr'si #tontl)hj bisitor. 



Massachusetts Enterprise. 



The Boston Courier gives some interesting 

 statistics of the progress of Massachusetts enter- 

 prise, as follows : 



Fifty years since, the Middlesex Canal, costing 

 but half a million, was considered a vast under- 

 taking, and required twenty years for its comple- 

 tion; hut since June, 184ti, we have commenced 

 and nearly built up from a desert the new city of 

 Lawrence; constructed new streets and factories 

 at Manchester, Lowell, Biddeford, Blackstone, 

 Lancaster, Worcester, Springfield and Fitch- 

 burg; tire foundation of a new factory city at 

 West Springfield ; made a great aqueduct for 

 Boston ; contributed at least seven millions to 

 the war loan; purchased a large part of the 

 Michigan Central, and Wilmington, Mad River, 

 Housatonic, Reading, and other railroads out 

 of the State; enlarged and improved all the 

 great routes out of Boston ; constructed new 

 lines to Wareham and the Cape. Bridge- 

 water, Milton, Fall River, Blackstone, Mil- 

 ford, Greenfield, Athol, Lawrence, Glouces- 

 ter, Wohurn and Medfonl, and many cross lines 

 in our own State; and greatly advanced or fin- 

 ished the Northern, Passumpsic, Vermont Cen- 

 tral, Montreal, Vermont and Massachusetts, 

 Cheshire, Rutland, Sullivan, Ogdensburg, and 

 Kennebec railroads — in all nearly 800 miles of 

 new track, opening to us the interior of New 

 Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Northern New 

 York, Lake Champlain and Ontario, and the 

 Canadas. 



Subjoined is an estimate of the amount our 

 citizens have embarked in a few leading en- 

 terprises, principally since the Spring of 1846, 

 namely : 



In factories and manufacturing 

 cities on the sites enume- 

 rated $13,000,000 



Purchase of railroads out of the 



State 8,000,000 



Expansion of old lines of rail- 

 road 6,000,000 



Construction of new railroads 



in Massachuseetts 7,000,000 



Construction of new lines out 



of the State 12,000,000 



Boston aqueduct, estimated cost 

 with reservoirs and dead in- 

 terest 4,000,000 



Slock taken in the United 



Slates loan 7,000,000 



to keep in the steam. It should then he passed, 

 in a semi-fluid state, through a fine sieve. Take 

 six quarts of the fine lime, and one quart of 

 clean rock salt, for each gallon of water — the 

 salt to be dissolved by boiling, and the impurities 

 skimmed off. To five gallons of this mixture, 

 salt and lime, add one pound of alum, half a 

 pound of copperas, tin ee-iburths of a pound of 

 potash, the last to be added gradually, four 

 quarts of fine sand, or hard wood ashes. Add 

 coloring matter to suit the fancy. It should be 

 applied with a brush. It looks as well as paint, 

 anil is as lasting as slate. It stops small leaks, 



prevents moss from growing, and renders the nutritious. 



5. For the reasons assigned, less manure will 

 answer. 



6. The quantity of the products is increased, 

 while the quality is improved. 



7. The land, hy its improvement in texture, 

 is sooner ploughed, or otherwise worked, than 

 while in its unimproved state. 



8. Mineral manures act more promptly and 

 with much greater efficiency. 



9. By draining, the tendency of clays to crack, 

 is lessened. 



10. When in pasture, the herbage is more 

 abundant, of a better variety, sweeter, and more 



work incombustible. — .V. Y. Farmer. 



Fair and Cattle Show. — Great preparations 

 are making at Buffalo, N. Y., for the Annual Fail 

 and Cattle Show, to take place on the 5th, 6th. 

 and 7th of September, proximo. The ground 

 for the show will include an area of sixteen 

 acres, enclosed hy a high fence. Besides places 

 for the managers, &c, there are to be poultry 

 and pigeon-houses, dairy, grain, and seed stalls, 

 horticultural tents, small tents for editors, re- 

 freshment room, &c. Altogether it bids fair to 

 be one of the grandest exhibitions of the kind 

 ever held in the United States. 



11. It will bear deeper ploughing, and conse- 

 quently, a greatly enlarged pasturage may be 

 given to crops grown upon it — while they will 

 alike he relieved from the disadvantageous ef- 

 fects of long continued droughts and rains. 



12. Drained lands are less subject to the 

 winter killing of grain crops than those that 

 are undrained. 



From the Flag of our Union. 

 The Old Maid's Song. 



BY EUNICE. 



give me a life, free from care and strife, 

 Mid a circle of maidens free ; 



Though some may choose our name to abuse, 

 Yet an old maid's hie for me. 



There's many a fool who abides by the rule, 

 " Get married as soon as you can j" 



I'd have them taught I'll not be caught 

 With the soft, silly vows of a man. 



1 never could tell why some liked so well 

 The " Mrs." before a name; 



They may say with one voice, 'tis because I've 

 choice. 

 But the title I ne'er shall claim. 



To bo the slave of a man, I'm sure I never can -, 



I am now and shall be ever free j 

 There's domestic strife in a married life — 



So an old maid's life for me. 

 East Bridgewater. Aug. 1818. 



Total .$57,000,000 



Amount unpaid less than $7,000,000 July 20, 

 1848. Estimated dividends to be received by 

 citizens of Massachusetts, June to April, 1849: 



From Banks $2,000,000 



United States loans 400,000 



Railroads 3,000,000 



Factories 3,000,000 



Accumulation savings banks 1,000,000 



Total $10,000,000 



The valuation of the Statu for 1818, if the in- 

 crease of value in Boston and its vicinity he any 

 criterion, must exceed $50,000,000, and the 

 annual accumulation can he little short of 

 $22,000,000. _ 



The number of emigrants who arrived in the 

 United States, by sea, during the year ending 

 Sept. 30, 1847, w'as 239,480— males, '139,166; fe- 

 males, 99,325; sex not stated, 989. The number 

 which landed in the State of Maine, 5,806; New 

 Hampshire, 7; Massachusetts, 20,848 ; Rhode Is- 

 land, 207; Connecticut, 74; New York, 145,830; 

 Pennsylvania, 14,777 ; Maryland, 12,018 ; Virginia, 

 874; South Carolina, 164; Georgia, 1 1 ; Florida, 

 188; Louisiana, 34,803; Texas, 3,873. 



A considerable number of immigrants find 

 their way across the frontier line who are not in- 

 cluded in the above. 



Wash for Buildings. —The following recipe 

 was sent by a gentleman of New Orleans to his 

 friend in Philadelphia, who writes that the wash 

 was satisfactorily tested upon the roof of the 

 Phoenix Foundry, in that neighborhood. It i-^ not 

 only a protection against fue, hut renders brick 

 work impervious to water. The basis is lime, 

 which must be slacked with hot water in a tub, 



Foreign Wool Trade. — We have accounts 

 from the great Breslau wool fair of June 9ib. 

 The whole quantity of wool offered was 59,000 

 cwt., 20,000 of which remained unsold at the 

 close of the fair. The prices were considerably 

 below those of last year. The best selected lots 

 of Silesian (or Saxon) wool brought from 90 to 

 110 dollars per cwt.; the "fine "60 to 68 ; the 

 "middle fine," 50 to 55; and the "low" 26 to 

 30. The fleeces were prepared in the hest con- 

 dition. 



Advantages of Draining Wet Clay Lands. 



By draining wet clayey lands the following 

 benefits will result : 



1. Fully one-third the amount of labor in 

 ploughing and tillage will he saved. 



2. By relieving such land of its redundant 

 water, a more intimate mixture of the argile and 

 silex will take place, so that by this mechanical 

 admixture and division of the particles of the 

 two, there will be formed, as it were, a new soil, 

 more easily worked, more susceptible to the in- 

 fluence of sun and air, more ahsorhant of the 

 dew, and more readily percolated by the rain. 



3. By this new union of the two chief mine- 

 ral constituents of the soil, it is rendered more 

 porous, and hence a capacity given to it, through 

 its increased permeability, not only of absorbing a 

 much linger quantity of nitrogen from the at- 

 mosphere, hut of condensing it within its pores, 

 and thereby adding to the nutriniental supply of 

 the food of the plants. 



4. By the increased degree of friability im- 

 parted to the soil, and the consequent meliorated 

 condition of the heat and moisture admitted in- 

 to, and maintained in, its bosom, the decompo- 

 sition of the manure is more healthfully carried 

 on, its nutrient gases more freely given out, and 

 the plants derive, as a consequence, much more 

 benefit therefrom. 



How to Preserve Peaches. — We find the 

 following recipe going the rounds in the papers 

 to preserve peaches so as to retain their flavor, 

 and as this is the season for such work we pub- 

 lish it, in order that our readers may have an 

 opportunity of testing it. — .American Farmer. 



"Clean your peaches, by pouring hot water 

 upon them, and afterwards wiping them with a 

 coarse cloth ; put them into glass or earthern 

 jars, cork them up and fasten the corks with 

 wire or strong twine ; then place the jars in a 

 ketile of hot water until the atmospheric air is 

 expelled from the jars; after which seal them 

 up tight with wax. Peaches preserved in this 

 way retain their original flavor, and are equally 

 delicious, when cooked in the ordinary manner, 

 six months or a year after being put up, as if 

 just taken from the trees." 



Cranberries on Upland. — Mr. Gardner, of 

 Massachusetts, according to a statement in the 

 Fanners' Cabinet, raised a full crop of cranber- 

 ries last year on upland, while those on their na- 

 tive swamps were killed hy frost. 



Frost in August. — We learn from the Skow- 

 hegan (Me.) Press that there was a slight frost in 

 that vicinity on the night of the 20th hist. The 

 Bangor Whig states that in Aroostook county, the 

 crops have been injured by frost. 



OFFICE 



or 



CONSULTING ENGINEERS 



AND 



COUNSELLORS FOR PATENTEES : 



Fur imparting information on the sithjert of Inven- 

 tions, and on the application of Chemical and 

 Mechanical Science to the Arts, .Agriculture, Man- 

 ufactures, and Alines, and for procuring and de- 

 feuding patents, either in the United States, or in 

 Foreign countries. 



PROF. 

 Philadelphia, 



WALTER K. JOHNSON, late of 



d Z. C. KOBMjNS, of Washington 

 City, (to be aided by HAZARD KNOWLKS, Esq., laic 

 Machinist of the United Stales Patent Office.) have asso- 

 ciated themselves together lor the prosecution of the 

 above branches of professional business, either in their 

 oliice, at ihe Patent Office, or before the courts ; and 

 will devote their undivided attention to far warding the 

 interests of Inventors or others who may consult them 

 or place business in their hands. Mr. Knowles has for 

 the past twelve years held the posi of Machinist in the 

 United States Patent OlHce, and resigns that situation to 

 take part in the present undertaking. His talents and 

 peculiar fitness lor ihe important oliice so long filled by 

 him, have been fully recognized by Inventors wherever 

 the office itself is known. 



The office of Messrs. J. & R. is nn F. street, oppnsile 

 the Patent Office, Washington, D. C, where commumca. 

 lions, -post paid, will be promptly attended toj examina- 

 tions made, drawings, specifications, and all requisite pa- 

 pers prepared — and models procured when desired — on 

 reasonable terms. Letters of inquiry, expected to be 

 answered after examinations had, must be accompanied 

 by a fee of five dollars. 



In Ihe dunes of iheir office which pertain to the Patent 

 Laws, Messrs J. &. R. will be assisted by a le«al gentle- 

 man ol the highest professional character, and fully con- 

 versant with Mechanics ami nther scientific subjects. 



Washington, D. C, June 30, 1818. 3ms 



