&l)c JTarmcv's illontljln bisitor. 



ed iron vessels, with quick and accurate mani- 

 pulations, till the pungent oil is extracted from 

 them, and in dexterously rolling them in hall 

 masses, to curl the leaf as we see it. This hand 

 process spoils a vaM deal of it, for the least over- 

 toasting, or the smoking of a stray leaf, injures 

 .'.he flavor of the mass. Mr. Bonsall contrived a 

 machine to dispense with a deal of labor em- 

 ployed in heating the leaves between the cook- 

 ings, by which one boy did the work often men, 

 and fully as well. He feels confident that the 

 expensive hot-hearth process can he done with 

 far greater nicely by steam-heated metal plates, 

 .vhich would preserve the flavor of the most 

 delicate teas ; and circular wire screens, moving 

 by steam power, would sort the teas easily 

 enough. Tints the whole manufacture is per- 

 fectly adapted to machinery, and Mr. Bonsall 

 thinks that the best teas can be produced in this 

 latitude, at a cost not exceeding a shilling n 

 pound ! 



When we say the best teas we do not wish to 

 be understood to mean the best that we know 

 here. For — nota bene — we will let you into a 

 secret, asking pardon of our tea drinking and 

 chatter-exhilarating friends, for the necessity 

 which the conveyance of scientific information 

 imposes of thus letting the cat out of the sack. 



Good tea, or rather real genuine tea at all, is a 

 commodity which, like the delicate and blushing 

 aurora borealis, we read of every day, but see 

 only once in years, and then by chance. Real 

 tea begets the most refined and lady-like allu- 

 sions to the foibles of our neighbors; while the 

 trash we drink gives our lea-table scandal its 

 proverbial harshness. 



There is not a single box of tea, after all the 

 pains taken by the country makers, that is not 

 opened and extensively be-ruhbished by the Can- 

 ton dealers before it is allowed to get into the 

 hands of Christian barbarians. In our cities it 

 undergoes also a liberal be-Yankeefication be- 

 fore it reaches our tea-rooms; so that what is 

 real tea is the exception, and what is not tea is 

 the rule. 



Almost every farmer in China raises his own 

 family ten, and thus escapes the adulteration. 



Now we would earnestly recommend some of 

 our agricultural friends to form an association 

 for the cultivation and manufacture of tea, and 

 to secure the aid of Mr, Bonsall, whose charac- 

 ter is entirely free from sanguine enthusiasm, 

 and who is the only person in our country tho- 

 roughly familiar with tea culture in all its details. 

 The seed is easily procured ; of its adaptation to 

 our soil there cannot be a doubt; and of its pro- 

 fits there can scarcely be much fear, while the 

 risk of loss would in any case be trifling. 



Our agricultural societies throughout the land 

 and the governments of every State should be 

 earnestly pressed to turn their attention to this 

 .matter, and to do whatever is in their power to 

 promote so useful a branch of home indus- 

 try. — Philadelphia Ledger. 



Tea Cultivation IK Sodth Carolina. — Ex- 

 tract of a leller from Junius Smith, Esq., dated 

 .Geenville, S. C, December 30, 1848: 



"Dear Sir — 1 should have finished setting 

 out my Tea plants to-day, if the weather had 

 been kind. J put out three cases yesterday in 

 fine order. Indeed, several plants were in full 

 Bloom, decorated with green leaves, fresh and 

 shining, as if growing in the Celestial Empire; 

 others with blossom buds just opening their 

 snowy breasts, panting to develop all their beau- 

 ties. You may therefore lell all the skeptical 

 that the Tea plant is in full bloom in South Car- 

 olina."— Charleston (S. C.) Mercury. 



From the Annual Report of ilie Commissioner of Patents 

 The Hog Crop of the Western States. 



BY M ft . CIST. 



The want of ready and cheap access to for- 

 eign markets, led the settlers of the western 

 States to raising hogs and distilling whiskey, as 

 a convenient means of taking corn, their great 

 staple, in these shapes to market. To compre- 

 hend this subject thoroughly, a glance at the fol- 

 lowing table will be necessary: 



Exports of Indian Corn from the United Stales for 



fifty-seven years. 



Total exports of corn and corn meal from the United 



Slates from 1791 to 1847. 



Year. 



1791 



1792 

 1793 

 179+ 

 1795 

 1796 

 1797 

 1798 

 1799 

 1800 

 1801 

 1302 

 1803 

 1804 

 1S05 

 1806 

 1807 

 1808 

 1809 

 1810 

 1811 

 1812 

 1813 

 1814 

 1815 

 1816 

 1817 

 1818 

 1819 

 1820 

 1821 

 1822 

 1823 

 1824 

 1825 

 1826 

 1827 

 1828 

 1829 

 1830 

 1831 

 1832 

 1833 

 1834 

 1835 

 1836 

 1837 

 1838 

 1839 

 1340 

 1841 

 1842 

 1813 

 1841 

 1815 

 1816 

 1817 



Corn. 



bushels. 



1.713,214 



1,961873 



1,233.763 



1,505,977 



1,935.315 



1,173 552 



804.922 



1,218,231 



1 ,200,492 



1 ,694,327 



1,768,162 



1,633,283 



2,079,608 



1 914,373 



861,501 



1 .064,263 



1,018 721 



249,538 



522,049 



1,054,252 



2,790 850 



2,039.998 



1,486.970 



61.284 



830,556 



1,077,614 



387,454 



1.079,190 



1,086,762 



533,741 



607,677 



509,098 



749 031 



779,297 



869,644 



505,381 



978,661 



70.492 



897,666 



444,109 



671,312 



451,230 



437,174 



303,449 



755,781 



124,791 



151,276 



172.321 



162,306 



574 279 



535.727 



600.308 



672,608 



825,282 



810,184 



1,826,068 



17,272,815 



Meal. 



barrels. 

 351,695 

 263,405 

 189.715 

 241,570 

 512,445 

 540,286 

 254.799 

 211,694 

 231,226 

 338,108 

 919,353 

 266.816 

 133.606 

 111,327 

 116,131 

 108 342 

 136,41.0 

 30,813 

 57,260 

 86,744 

 147,426 

 90,810 

 52,521 

 26.438 

 72.634 

 89.119 

 106,763 

 120,021 

 135,271 

 146,318 

 131,669 

 148,228 

 141,505 

 172.723 

 137,225 

 158,652 

 131.041 

 174,639 

 173,775 

 154 301 

 207,604 

 146,710 

 146,673 

 149,609 

 166,782 

 140.917 

 159,435 

 171,843 

 165,672 

 206 063 

 232 234 

 209,190 

 174,252 

 247.8S2 

 269 030 

 298,790 

 945 035 



This table is published in this connection to 

 show how small a proportion of the crop of this, 

 ihe most important of all our cereal products, 

 finds iis way in the shape of grain and meal to 

 foreign countries. This will be rendered appa- 

 rent by the returns of the corn crop of the Uni- 

 ted States. This was by the census of 1840, 

 377,531,857 bushels. The patent oflice report 

 estimates the crop of 1845, at 450,000.000 

 bushels. 



The crop of 1840, as far as can be ascertained, 

 appears to have exceeded 500,000,000 bushels. 

 The present crop — 1847, is not yet gathered, but 

 from the extent of ground cultivated in this arti- 

 cle, the present year under the late stimulus of 

 high prices and a demand limited only by the 

 means of getting it to our seaports, and with the 

 advantage of weather uncommonly favorable 

 alike to its growth and ripening, not less than 

 700,000,000 bushels may be expected as the 

 yield of the United States for the present year. 

 The corn raised ill reference to the whiskey 

 market is independent of that which is feil to 

 hogs, no price that can be paid by the distillers 

 affording adequate remuneration to growers of 

 corn who have to transport it far- by land car- 

 riage. 



Cincinnati being the business centre of an 

 immense coru-growing and hog-raising region, 



is in fact the principal pork market in the United 

 States, and without even the exceptions of Cork 

 or Belfast, Ireland, the largest in the world. 



The business of putting up pork here for dis- 

 tant markets, is of some twenty-six years' stand- 

 ing, but it is only since 1833, that it has sprung 

 into much importance. 



The following table furnishes a list of hogs 

 put up each year since, including that of 1833, 

 and the prices at which the market opened. 

 The season begins in November and ends in 

 March. Each year refers to that in which busi- 

 ness closed. 



Table— A. 

 Year. Number of Hogs. Price 



1833 85,000 



1834 123,000 



1835 162,000 



1836 123,000 CC , 

 1337 103 000 6 a 

 1833 182.000 3 50 a 

 1339 199,000 5 50 a 



1840 95,000 3 a 



1841 160,000 3 50 a 



1842 220,000 2 00 a 



1843 250,000 1 62 a 



1844 240,000 2 25 a 



1845 213.000 2 50 a 

 •846 287,000 4 00 a 

 1847 25,000 2 70 a 



Table— B. 



The hogs packed in Ohio in 



'?««"« 560 000 



\*% 450000 



5^ , 4«.M>0 



lb * 7 325,000 



Of which aggregate Cincinnati packed in 



'8ff 43 per cent. 



^ 47 per cent. 



J8« 68 per cent. 



•847 70 ,,er cent. 



The entire packing of the West for three years 

 may be divided as follows: 



Table-C. 



C25 

 7 

 4 

 G 



350 

 3 75 

 250 

 2 00 

 2 65 

 2 70 

 425 

 2 80 



Missouri, 



Tennessee, 



Kentucky, 



Illinois, 



Indiana, 



Ohio,' 



1844 



16 000 



16,000 



91,000 



136.709 



257,414 



560,748 



1845 



31,700 



1,500 



83,800 



67 964 



147,420 



445,533 



8,850 



1846 



70 898 



42 975 

 215,125 



68,120 

 251,236 

 420.833 



18,675 



Minor points, 1,200 

 The hogs raised for this market, are generally 

 a cross of Irish Grazier, Byfield, Berkshire, Russia 

 and China, in such proportions as to unite the 

 qualifications of size, tendency to fat and beauty 

 of shape to the hams. They are driven in at 

 the age of from eleven to eighteen months old, 

 in general, although a few reach greater ages. 

 The hogs run in the woods until within five" or 

 six weeks of killing time, when they are turned 

 into the corn fields to fatten. If the acorns and 

 beach nuts are abundant they require less corn, 

 but the flesh and fat although hardened by the 

 corn is not as firm as when they are turned into 

 the corn fields, in a less thriving condition dur- 

 ing years when mast as it is called is less abun- 

 dant. 



From the 8th to the 10th of November, the 

 pork season begins and the hogs are sold by the 

 farmers direct to the packers, when the quantity 

 they own justifies it. Some of these farmers 

 drive in one season, as high as one thousand 

 head of hogs into their fields. From an hun- 

 dred and fifty to three hundred are more com- 

 mon numbers, however, where less than an hun- 

 dred are owned, they are bought up by drovers 

 until a sufficient number is gathered for a drove. 

 The hogs are driven into pens adjacent to the re- 

 spective slaughter houses. As soon after the 

 drover or farmer sells to the packer, the hogs are 

 put into small pens where they are crowded as 

 thick as they can stand, and a hand walks over 

 the drove knocking them on the head success- 

 ively, with a two-pointed hammer adapted to 

 Ihe purpose. They are then dragged out by 

 hooks into the sticking room, where their throats 

 are cut, the blood passing through a drain or 

 sewer below into large tanks prepared to receive 

 it. The blood is saved to be sold together with 

 the hoofs and hair, to the manufacturers of prus- 

 siate of potash and prussian blue. Adjacent to 

 the sticking room, are the scalding troughs 

 which are heated by steam. These troughs are 

 of one thousand gallons capacity each. After 



* Five minor points in this State not ascertained and 

 included in this list, are supplied by estimate in tnble B 



