&l)c .farmer's iHcmtljIn ilttntor. 



ness employs one hundred hands, mid affords u 

 product of fifty-five thousand dollars. 



Lust of all is the disposition of what cannot 

 be used for other purposes, the hair, hoofs and 

 other offal. These are employed in the manu- 

 facture of prussiate of potaah, to the prodtiet of 

 which also contributes the cracklings or residu- 

 um left on expressing the lard. The prussiate 

 of potash is used extensively in the print facto- 

 ries of New England, for coloring purposes. 

 The blood of the hoys is manufactured into 

 prussian bine. 



A brief recapitulation of the various manufac- 

 tures out of the hog at this point, present : 

 Table-D. 



150 CXI barrels of pnrk. 

 21.000,000 pounds of bacon. 

 13.S00 000 pounds No 1 lard. 

 1.000 000 gallons nl lard oil. 

 I,li7o.000 pounds of star candles. 

 5 200 000 " of bar soap. 

 7.800.000 " of fancj and soft soaps. 

 50.000 " ol prussiatQ of potash. 



Four hundred and twenty thousand hosrs ave- 

 rage, including seven pounds gut tat to each, 

 eighty-four million pounds as the carcase weight 

 when dressed. This is distributed as follows; 



Table-E. 



150.000 barrels pnrk— 196 pounds net 29 400.000 lbs. 



Bacon 21.000,000 ■' 



Number one or leaf lard J3.SOO.000 " 



Lard or g-ease run into lard oil. sleanne 



and soap oleme 5,000 000 " 



inferior grease Tor soap l.OUO.OOO " 



Evaporation, shrinkage, waste cracklings 



and otfal lor manure 13,800 000 " 



84,000,000 lbs. 



The value of all this depends of course on 

 the foreign demand. Last year the pork, bacon, 

 lard, lard oil, star candles, soap, bristles, &c, ex- 

 ceed six millions of dollars in value. This year 

 it will probably reach eight millions. But for 

 the reduced prices which a greatly increased 

 product must create it would far exceed that 

 value. 



The buildings in which the pork is put up, are 

 of great extent ami capacity, ami in every part 

 thoroughly arranged for the business. They 

 generally extend from street to street, so as to 

 enable one set of operations to be carried on 

 without interfering with another. There are 

 thirty of these establishments besides a number 

 of minor importance. 



The stranger here during the packing and es- 

 pecially the forwarding season of the article, be- 

 comes hew ihh.-red in the attempt to keep up with 

 the eye and the memory the various ami succes- 

 sive processes lie has witnessed, in following the 

 several stages of pulling the hog into its final 

 marketable shape, and in surveying llie appa- 

 rently interminable rows of' drays which at that 

 period occupy the main avenues to the river in 

 continuous lines going and returning, a mile or 

 more in length, excluding every other use of 

 those streets, from daylight to dark. Nor is his 

 wonder lessened when he surveys the immense 

 quantity of hogsheads of bacon, barrels of pork, 

 and kegs of lard for which room cannot be found 

 on the pork house floors, extensive as they are 

 and which are therefore, spread over the public 

 lauding and block up every vacant space on the 

 side walks, the public streets and even adjacent 

 lots otherwise vacant. 



It may appear remarkable, in considering the 

 facilities tor putting up pork which many other 

 points in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky 

 possess in their greater contiguity to the neigh- 

 borhoods which produce the hogs and oilier ad- 

 vantages which are palpable, that so large nil 

 nmoiiirt of this business is engrossed in Cincin- 

 nati. It must he observed, however, that the 

 raw material in this business (the hog) consti- 

 tutes sixty per cent, of the value when ready for 

 sale, and being always paid for in ensb, such 

 heavy disbursements an- required in huge sums, 



and at a day's notice, that the cssary capital 



is not readily obtainable elsewhere in the West. 

 Nor in an article, which in the process of curing 

 runs great risks in sudden changes of weather, 

 can the packer protect himself, except win-re 

 there are ample means in extensive supplies of 

 salt, and any necessary force of coopers or la- 

 borers, to put on in case of emergency or disap- 

 pointment in previous arrangements. More than 

 all, the facilities of turning to account in various 



manufactures, or us articles of food in a popu- 

 lous community, what cannot be disposed of lo 

 profit elsewhere, renders hogs to the Cincinnati 

 packer worth at least five per cent, more than 

 they will command ut any other point in the 

 .Mississippi valley. 



Asa specimen of the amazing activity which 

 characterizes nil the details of packing, cutting, 

 &.C., here it may he stated, that two hands in one 

 of our pork houses, in less than thirteen hours, 

 I'lit up eight hundred and fifty hogs, averaging 

 over two hundred pounds each, two others plac- 

 ing them on the blocks for the purpose. All 

 these hogs were weighed singly on the scales, in 

 the course of eleven hours. Another hand trim- 

 med the hams, (seventeen hundred pieces,) in 

 Cincinnati style, as last as they were separated 

 from the carcases. The hoys were thus cut tip 

 and disposed of at the rate of more than one 

 to the minute. 



The price of pickled pork in the eastern mar- 

 kets varies greatly, as may he seen by tlfe follow- 

 ing table ol prices in New York, during the hist 

 twenty-four yeurs: 



Table— P. 



Average price per year. 



Year. Mess. Pickled. Year. Mess. Pickled. 



1823 #13 31 S'J 73 1836 S23 13 «I7 65 



1821 13 73 10 32 1837 21 66 15 99 



1825 13 83 10 22 1833 21117 16 3) 



1826 11 55 7 84 1839 49 32 15 72 



1827 lo 21 8 62 1840 15 07 12 il'i 



1828 13 71 10 06 161-1 1 1 36 9 48 

 I--'.' 12 79 10 21 Iti42 9.7 7 23 



1830 13 64 9 .7 1843 10 32 9 59 



1831 14 30 11 13 1814 9 28 7 39 

 1882 13 77 11 22 1345 12 13 9 51 

 1333 14 97 1153 1846 10 50 8 78 

 1831 14 29 10 21 1347 15 00 J2 58 

 1835 16 96 13 08 . 



Those who are cognizant to the importance of 

 the domestic market will not be surprised lo 

 learn by the table of our exports of pork to 

 foreign countries, the small proportion it forms 

 to the quantity packed. The following is the 

 export table for the last sixteen years : 

 Table— G. 



More than three-fourths of these exports is to 

 British Colonies in America, and to the AVest 

 India islands. 



Few persons at the East can realize the size 

 anil especially the fatness to which hogs arrive 

 in the West, under the profuse feeding they re- 

 ceive. 



The following are specimens of hogs and lots 

 of hogs killed in Cincinnati this season and the 

 last : 



Tabk-H. 



Hogs. Average weight — pounds. 



... 720 



610 



22. 

 52. 

 50. 



403 

 377 

 375 



Of these were nine— (one litter)— weighing re- 

 spectively 316, 444, 454, 452, 45G, 516, 526, 532. 



320 hogs, average weight 325 



657 " " " 305 



Few if any of these hogs were over nineteen 

 months old. The last lot is extraordinary — 

 combining quantity ami weight, even for the 

 West. They were all raised in one neighbor- 

 hood in Madison county, Kentucky, by Messrs. 

 Caldwell, Campbell, Boss and Genii}, llie oldest 

 being nineteen months in age. 



The value of these manufacturing operations 

 to Cincinnati consists in the vast amount of' la- 

 bor they require and create and the circumstance 

 that the great mass of that labor furnishes em- 

 ployment to thousands, at precisely llie very sea- 

 sou when their regular avocations cannot be 

 pill sued. Thus then: are perhaps fifteen hun- 

 dred coopers engaged in and outside id' the city, 

 making laril kegs, pork barrels and bacon linos- 

 heads: the city coopers at a period when they 

 are not needed on stock barrels and other coop- 

 erage, and the country coopers, whose main oc- 

 cupation is farming, during a season when the 



farms require no labor at their hands. Then 

 there is another large body of hands, also auii- 

 culturi.sts, at the proper season, engaged gelling 

 out staves and heading, and culling hoop poles, 

 for llie same business. Vast quantities of boxes 

 of various descriptions tire made fur packlUg 

 bacon, for tin- llaianna and European markets. 

 Lard is also packed lo a great extent lor export 

 in tin cases or boxes, the making of which fur- 

 nishes extensive occupation to the tin plate 

 workers. 



If we take into view further that the slaught- 

 ering, the wagoning, the pork house labor, the 

 rendering grease and laid oil, the stenrine and 

 soap factories, bristle dressing, and other kin- 

 dred employ no nis, supply abundant occupation 

 to men, who in the spring, are engaged in the 

 manufacture and hauling of bricks, quarrying 

 and hauling stone, cellar digging and walling, 

 brick-laying, plastering and street-paving, with 

 other employments, which in their very nature 

 cease on the approach ol' winter, we can readily 

 appreciate the importance of a business which 

 supplies labor to the industry of probably six 

 thousand individuals, who hut for its existence 

 would he earning little or nothing one-third of 

 the year. 



The United States census of 1840 gives 26,- 

 301,293, as the existing number of hogs of that 

 date. The principal increase since is in the 

 West, owing to the abundance of corn there, 

 and that quantity may he now safely enlarged to 

 forty-five millions. This is about the number 

 assigned to entire Europe in 1839, by McGregor, 

 in his Commercial Dictionary, and there is prob- 

 ably no material increase there since, judging by 

 the slow advance in tfi.it sretiuu of the world in 

 productions of any kind. 



The number of hogs cut up in the valley of 

 the .Mississippi will reach this year to one million 

 five hundred thousand. — of this it will he seen 

 that twenty-eight per cent, or over one-lomlh of 

 the wliole quantity is put up for market in Cin- 

 cinnati alone. 



Cuaious Discovery. — A few days since, some 

 men who were working upon our streets, broke 

 a stone in two, in which was a beautiful purple 

 flower, with some green leaves as fresh in ap- 

 pearance and as soft to the touch as though it 

 had been grown in a green house. How it came 

 there is a mystery to us. The stone had been in 

 our street for twelve years. But the flower was 

 evidently in the stone when quarried. Perhaps 

 it had been from " time whereof the memory of 

 man runneth not the contrary;" ay, for ought we 

 know, it is an antedeluvian flower. Mr. S. S. 

 Young says, " the flower resembles the Hibiscus 

 species, but the leaf is more nearly the rose, but 

 is not exactly like any flower now a native of 

 this country, nor indeed like any exotic cultivated 

 here." He adds, "It most probably grew in the 

 rock where it now is, but the rock must have 

 been earth when it grew."— Eaton (Ohio) Register. 



Cijeai' substance roR a Vapor Bath. — Take 

 a piece of lime about half the size of your closed 

 hand and wrap around it a wet cloth sufficiently 

 wrung lo prevent water running from it. A dry 

 cloth is to be several times wrapped around 

 this; place one of these packets on each side. 

 and by both thighs, (a few inches from them,) of 

 the patient ; an abundant humid heat is soon de- 

 veloped by the action of the water on the lime, 

 which quickly induces copious perspiration, llie 

 effect lasting for two hours tit least. When a 

 sweating is fully established, the lime may be 

 withdrawn, which is now reduced to powder. 

 In this way neither copious drinks nor loading 

 the bed with covering is required. — Gaz. Medicate. 



A Farmer's Convention was held at Do- 

 ver, Del., on the 17th of January. The object 

 was the encouragement and improvement of agri- 

 culture. 



