12 



&I)e JTarmcr's iltcmtt)lu llisitor. 



Railroad to Sau Francisco. 

 [Extract I'rom P. P F. Degranci's Remarks.] 

 ' Wlien the railroad is in operation from Bos- 

 ton to San Francisco, tlie length of passage Cor 

 its three thousand miles, (going night and day, at 

 the rate of twenty-five miles per hour, including 

 stops) will, for the express train, be otdy five 

 days. 

 For first class cars, at two cents per mile, the 



fare will be oidy $60 



For second class cars, at one cent per mile, the 



tare will be only $30 



The cost then of transporting, from the Atlan- 

 tic seaboard, 150,000 persons to California and 

 of bringing back 50,000 persons from California, 

 will be as follows ; 

 Fare of 150,000 passengers, first class, at sixty 



dollars each §9,000,000 



Time and food for said 150,000 passen- 

 gers, for five days at $5 per day, 



say $25 for each person 3,750,000 



Fare of 50,000 second class passengers 



at $30 each 1,500,000 



Time and food for said 50,000 passen- 

 gers for five davs at $2 per day, 

 say $10 for each "person, . . 500,000 



Total cost by the railroad line $14,750,000 



The express train can be provided with berths 

 and other conveniences, for the night time. It 

 can make short stops, at convenient places, for 

 meals. It can be provided with newspapers, 

 pamphlets, books, chess-boards, backgammon 

 boards and other amusements, as is a steamboat. 

 The cars can be well ventilated, night and day, 

 by Espy's at the top, and can be lighted by- 

 lamps, serving also as ventilators. On a portion 

 of the road, they can occasionally have a baud of 

 music. 



If it be said that all the travellers will not se- 

 lect to go by the express train nig-Af and flay, and 

 that there should be, for their time, a greater al- 

 lowance than five days, the reply is that many of 

 the travellers will, at their starting point, be at 

 the west of the Atlantic seaboard, as for instance, 

 be who staits from St. Louis in Missouri. Start- 

 ing thence, he will spend otdy about half the 

 time and pay only about half of the fare of him 

 who starts from the Atlantic seaboard; because 

 his journey will be only sixteen hundred miles. 

 We may, therefore, safely estimate that the 

 above amount, $14,750,000, will be the average 

 of the whole, by the railroad line. 



Let us now examine what is the expense by 

 the sta route, for the same individuals. 



To transport, by the sea route, the same num- 

 ber of persons, will cost as follows, part going 

 round Cape Horn, part through the straits of 

 Magellan, and part through the Isthmus of 

 Panama : 

 Passage for 150,000 first class passengers, at 



$150 each $22,500,000 



Time of said 150,000 passengers, for 

 100 days on an average, at $3 50 

 per day, say S35 f J for each person, 52,500,000 

 Passage for 50.000 second class pas- 

 sengers, at $50 each 2,500,000 



Time of said 50,000 passengers, 100 

 days on an average, at $1 per 

 day, say $100 for each person, 5,000,000 



Total cost by the sea route $62,500,000 



Deduct cost by the railroad line. . . 14,750,00(1 



Clear saving in the expense $67,750,000 



To this saving, we may add the extra risk of 



life, by the sea route, and the disappointments 



and delays occasionally incident to a voyage b\ 



sea. 



In point of time, of great hardships, and of 



expense, the route by land, as it now exists over 



a trackless waste, compares even more unfavor- 

 ably with the railroad line. 



If, then, we estimate that there will go to Cal- 

 ifornia annually, 150,000 persons, and that 100,- 

 000 of them will settle there, and 50,000 come 

 back, the annual saving of expense by having 

 the railroad, will be $67,750,000. 



In other words, the saving in two years ivill more 

 than repay to the nation, the whole cost of the rail- 

 road from St. Louis to San Fraticisco. 



If we adopt the plan now before Congress, of 

 building the road with the cash produced by the 

 sale of the land given by the United States, 

 (which cannot be sold and reduced to cash until 

 the road is built,) we shall inevitably delay the 

 completion of the road more than fifty years. 

 The loss of $67,750,000 a year amounts in fifty 

 years to $3,387,500,000, a sum sufficient to pay 

 the whole British national debt! 



Shall this enlightened nation — responsible as 

 we are for our high fame —tamely submit to this 

 disgraceful and enormous loss? Or shall we 

 avert it and show ourselves worthy of our high 

 destiny, by the simple process of borrowing 

 United Slates Stock, to the amount of $98,000,- 

 000 ; thereby creating the tangible and efficient 

 means of completing this great national work, 

 in the short space of five years? 



Bacon. — In saving bacon through the summer, 

 many persons have it injured by skippers, and 

 for fear of this, they use the hams and shoulders 

 early in the season. 



1 have saved mine in the following manner: 

 When taken out of the salt, I let the brine drain 

 off a little, and then take black pepper, ground 

 very fine, and rub well over the flesh side — being 

 very particular to rub it into the cracks, then bang 

 it up and smoke it. I never lost any when well 

 put up in this manner. About one pound of 

 pepper to six hundred pounds of meat. Try it 

 once, and perhaps it will benefit you as much as 

 the "Farmer" has me. — Prairie Farmer. 



The Recorder and the Monkey. — An Ital- 

 ian organ-grinder was lugged before Recorder 

 Geuois yesterday morning, accompanied by a 

 very sagacious monkey, upon a charge of giving 

 exhibitions without a license. The musical for- 

 eigner had a most woe-begone air, quite equal to 

 any his organ could be tortured into producing, 

 and never was monkey so distraught as was the 

 individual monkey that bore him company. A 

 perfect picture of misery and despair did bis 

 countenance exhibit, and he seemed to be per- 

 fectly well aware of the disadvantage his master 

 and self labored under in not understanding 

 either French or English. He grinned and 

 chattered, scratched his head, flew into the most 

 violent passion, fondled and carressed his pro- 

 tector and master as would a loving child. Then 

 he would mount upon his master's shoulder, lake 

 oft' his cap to his honor the Recorder twenty 

 tunes in so many seconds, favor him with a tune 

 upon the tamborine, and exhibit all the little ac- 

 complishments of which he was possessed, to 

 induce the worthy magistrate to induce a trifling 

 amount of lenity to his master. His appeals 

 were stronger anil more forcible than would 

 have been the elaborate arguments of a well- 

 bred lawyer, and excited the risibles of bis hon- 

 or to such an extent that he let the itinerants 

 depart in peace. The organ-grinder was pro 

 fuse in bis thanks and bows, but was excelled in 

 the expressions of gratitude and politeness by 

 ihc monkey. lie clambered up the official desk, 

 extended his hand repeatedly, pulled off his Ut- 

 ile velvet cap again, grinned like a moustached 

 exquisite, and would have drank a happy new 

 year to the Recordi r in a vessel of flowing ink, 

 but that the inkstand was removed from his 

 grasp. Never did monkey make such a sensa- 

 tion in a court of law, or acquit himself with so 

 much credit. — New Orleans Picayune. 



Method of Training Frnit Trees in Russia. 



The severity of the winter at St. Petersburg is 

 so great that few fruit trees will survive it, even 

 with careful matting; to prevent the loss which 

 is thus usually sustained, I have for more tlmn 

 twenty years pursued a mode of training which 

 has been attended with complete success. It con- 

 sists in leading the branches of the trees on hori- 

 zontal trellises only ten or twelve inches from the 

 ground. When the winter sets in, there are 

 heavy falls of snow ; and as the frost increases, 

 the snow generally augments, by which the trees 

 are entirely buried, and receive no injury from 

 the most intense frost. The winters of 1819 and 

 1820 were very severe, notwithstanding which, 

 last summer, I had a great crop of apples, ami all 

 the tender sorts, while none of the gardens in the 

 neighborhood produced any; even many of their 

 trees, although doubly matted, were killed. From 

 my Green Gage and Orleans Plums I gathered 

 ripe fruit on the 29th September last; 1 bad also 

 a very full crop of Morello Cherries. Another 

 very great advantage of training trees in the above 

 method consists in the growth of the wood, it be- 

 ing of equal strength, and the fruit produced be- 

 ing all alike, the bloom comes out much earlier, 

 and the crop ripens sooner. The trees are always 

 clean and free from insects ; I have observed this 

 even while some Standards near them have had 

 their leaves curled by aphides. The only cherry 

 that does not succeed in this way is our Black- 

 heart; this 1 attribute to the damps which affect 

 the early blossoms, but in a milder climate this 

 injury would be obviated by placing the trellis 

 higher from the ground. When the trellis de- 

 cays under the apples, I never renew it, as the 

 trees always keep (from the strength of the bran- 

 ches) their horizontal position. There are other 

 advantages of treating fruit trees in this manner: 

 they come sooner into bearing, and their frail is 

 not affected by high winds. I never gather the 

 apples, but let them drop off, for the distance 

 they fall is not sufficient to bruise them. Proba- 

 bly pears trained in this way would answer well 

 in England. 



JOSEPH BUSCH. 



Adventures oj a Bank Note. — A one dollar 

 note of the Granite Bank, Exeter, N. H., was ex- 

 hibited at the Ledger office, Philadelphia, the 

 other day. Upon the back of it was written the 

 following narrative of its adventures while in the 

 possession of its last owner. It can certainly 

 claim to have gone further than most of its fel- 

 lows : — 



Nov., 1848. 



This bill has been in my possession since Nov. 

 1, 1844. I received it in Boston. Since that pe- 

 riod it has been through several of the Southern 

 States; on the Island of Lohos ; has been in 

 every battle from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexi- 

 co ; has traversed a large portion of the Atlantic 

 Ocean ; has crossed the Gulf of Mexico twice; 

 has traversed the length of the Mississippi and 

 Ohio rivers ; and after all these "imminent dan- 

 gers and bail breadth 'scapes," is "now restored to 

 circulation with the best wishes of 



E. B. MOORE. 



Many of our readers will recognise in the 

 above the signature of a young man who served 

 his time in our office. Partaking somewhat 

 largely of the spirit which actuates a great many 

 of our craft, he has sought his fortune in nearly 

 all climes of the earth, having been the compan- 

 ion of this bill in all its recorded wanderings. We 

 are very glad to know that he has escaped some 

 of the ills which seem peculiarly to belong to a 

 printer—he has not been out of money in all bis 

 wanderings.— .Ye w Hampshire Ttlegraph. 



Chippewa Indians. — A few days since, a del- 

 egation from this Northern nation of aborigines, 

 consisting of six chiels, three warriors, and two 

 -quaws, with their agent and interpreter, Major 

 .1. 15. Martell, arrived in our city. They are from 

 the Lake Superior region, and have come to visit 

 their "Great Father," the President, to lay before 

 him some grievances in relation to their treaty 

 with the Government, and to ask of him some 

 lavor which will soon be made known. They 

 are represented as a fine looking set of men, and 

 they bear with them the best testimonials from 

 Government agents and others as to their chief- 

 tainship and respectability. — A'aC Intelligencer. 



