46 



(Hl)c .farmer's itlont!)hj Uisitor. 



common at ihis season, should he provided wilh 

 stout and light hoois in- .-hoes, and ihey should 

 he frequently slutted with some water-proof 

 composition. Some persons use neat's foot oil, 

 others castor oil. Tar mixed with oil or tallow 

 is good, Inn it litis »n unpleasant smell. Linseed 

 oil is also used. A simple and convenient pre- 

 paration, which we generally Use, with excellent 

 success, :s nun part of heeswax and two pans of 

 heel's lallow. 



The leather should he mule quite warm, and 

 the composition applied in a warm stale, and ihe 

 leather again exposed to as much heal as il "ill 

 hear, without injury. Apply it to uppei and sole 

 leather, till it is fully saturated, even so full that 

 it begins to ecMiie through the upper leather. 



Repeat ihe application i asionally during the 



wet season, ami very often wWn constantly ex- 

 posed. A little extra expense and pains, to pre- 

 serve he.-ilih at this season, is economy. — JYew 

 England Farina: 



Farming near Washington. 



The progress made in ihe renovation and im- 

 provement of ihe soil in the District of Colum- 

 bia,, and ten ami fifteen miles around within the 

 limits of Virginia ami Maryland, furnishes the 

 innsi gratifying proof that the old grounds worn 

 out may he made all that has ever been realized 

 from the laud when new. The great deficiency 

 in the South as we have seen it has every where 

 seemed to be in ihe loo light and shallnw 

 ploughing. A two-horse team is there thought 

 to be a heavy team : in a hard red clay soil the 

 ploughing ran he but shallow with two horses. 

 Manures highly charged with ammonia lose 

 much of their effect by being spread over a hard- 

 baked clay soil perforated wilh the plough from 

 three to five inches only. To gel crops on such 

 grounds a great deal of manure must he laid on 

 every year: generally ii is not felt beyond the 

 year in which it is applied. 



We have some of the best men in that region 

 who have been several years readers of the Visi- 

 tor who have been pleased with the improve- 

 ments going on about them. Among ihe enthu- 

 siastic on this subject whom we always meet 

 with pleasure when at the Federal city, we re- 

 gard our friend Gen. Henderson, the command- 

 ing officer of the Marine Corps, ihe veteran of 

 two wars, whose tent is pitched in his country's 

 service near the Washington navy yard. Thai 

 gentleman has taken up ami lined vacant lots of 

 the worn-out grounds eastward of liie capitol. 

 We walked with him in ihe month of Slay last 

 over these grounds: he then had a piece of live 

 acres of corn growing knee-deep to a second 

 hoeing before our corn field last spring had been 

 planted. This field yielded him, as lie informed 

 us, nearly twenty barrels or one hundred bush- 

 els of corn lo the acre. 



Geo. Henderson, for the love of the occupa- 

 tion, buys up and gathers every material lo be 

 found about his neighborhood for the manufac- 

 ture of compost manures, which he spreads over 

 his ground and obtains in succession the largest 

 crops of grain and grass. As large an amount 

 of hay ill his field we have seen as we ever saw 

 in any field; and it should be understood thai 

 the climate south is not so natural 10 an abun- 

 dant crop of hay as iu New England. 



We found in one enclosure of Gen. If. that 

 bad laid iu grass for the third year that where 

 the ground had become dry from the absence of 

 rain little or no grass was growing; hut where 

 a ditched ridge thai had he-jn sunk some eigh- 

 teen inches had been levelled over, the grass 

 was obtaining a growth I hat would return a large 

 amount upon ihe .-.en-: this matter struck him 

 as ii did us at ihe time that the stirring of the 



ground far beyond the customary ploughing 

 would very materially assist the abundant ma- 

 nuring which he spread over his cultivated 

 grounds. 



Colonel Caprnn's farm, near the Patuxent and 

 Laurel factory, half way between Baltimore and 

 Washington — farming on a great scale with a 

 large outlay for manures — ii calculated to arouse 

 iu emulation if not in competition the spirit of 

 the farmers and planters all around him. We 

 look with interest every lime as we pass along 

 by his beautiful fields enclosed in while-washed 

 board fences: all winter has ihe horse cart team 

 been laying out manures in piles upon an en- 

 closure between the railroad and the factory. 

 We do not any where perceive that he has yef 

 applied the subsoil plough. We think, if he 

 would do it, ili.it his manure and his expense of 

 labor would tell even to greater amount than ihe 

 yet best production of his fields. Such farmers 

 as himself and Mr. Calvert, who inherits ihe pa- 

 ternal estate near Bladenshurgh, have the taste 

 for improvement and the means of displaying 

 all the benefits to be gained by ihe best process- 

 es of cultivation. 



Be Kind. 



Be kind lo thy father — for when thnu werl. young, 



Who loved Ihee so fondly as he / 

 He caught the first acceois thai Cell from ihy tongue, 



Anil joined in thv innocent glee. 

 Be kind to thy father — 1''>r now he is old, 



His locks intermingled with gray j 

 His footsteps are feeble, once learless and hold : 



Thy lather is passing away. 



Be kind to thy mother — fur lo ! on her brow 



May traces of sorrow he seen ; 

 O, well must thou cherish and comfort her now, 



For loving and kind hath she been. 

 Reoiemb r thy mother — for thee v\ii| she pray, 



As long as God giveth her breath ; 

 With accents of kindness then cheer Iter lone vvav 



E'en to the dark valley of deaih. 



Be kind to thv brother — his heart will have dearth 



If ihe smile of thy joy he withdrawn ; 

 The flowers of feeling will fade at the birth, 



If the dew of affection he gone. 

 Be kind to thy brother — wherever you are, 



The love of a hroiner shall he 

 An ornament purer ami richer by far 



Than pearls from the depth of the sea. 



E" kind to ihy sister — not many may know 



The depth of true Bislerly love: 

 The wealth of the ocean lies fathoms below 



The surface thai Bparkl'es above. 

 Thy kindness shall brinu r thee many sw^el hours, 



And blessings ihy pathway to crown ; 

 Affection shall weave Ihee a garland of flowers, 



Wore precious than wealth or renown. 



Spring. 



As hope to the heart 



Which has sunk in despair, 

 \\ a Ii clouds of affliction 

 Ami billows in care, 

 Even -o Hi.' soli lo, athiitzs ,.f Spring, 

 Over Kanh Iheh fltsi influence fling. 



As Ugh! t" Ihe ntil.ir 



When tosse'l on the wave, 

 As life In the sniV'rer 



Condemned to the jrrave, — 

 Even so f.dis the lisht of the Spring 

 On the shadows of Winter's wing. 



American Apples in England. 



Mr. !'. Barny, (of the linn of Ellwnnger & 

 Bnniy,) editor of the horticultural department 

 of the Genesee Farmer, furnishes from England, 

 lor that paper, ihe following account of Ameri- 

 can apples iu teat country, which contains valu- 

 able hints lo ihe growers ami exporters of fruit: 



"Large quantifies of American apples have 

 been hroughl into Liverpool recently, hut the 

 most of them have been of indifferent quality, 

 ami badly gathered ami picked; ami hence they 

 do not command high pi ices, nor do us anv 

 credit— nor can the shippers gain by the: opera- 

 tion. Then: is an unfailing markel here for nir 

 orcharil products; but lo make the shipment ol 

 them profitable, it is absolutely necessary thai 

 select varieties he sent, that I hey he carefully 

 hand-picked and packed in the best manner. 



One barrel will then sell for as much as three or 

 lour; and ihe freight, which is the great item, 

 will lie no mure on a barrel that will sell more 

 readily lor five dollars, than one that will bring 

 only two dollars. Many of the apples I see here 

 cried up as ' nice American apples,' ' beautiful 

 American apples,' &c, would scarcely .-ell at all 

 in our market ; yet they are sold here ai three to 

 six cents each. 



'•The English people have fairly given up grow- 

 ing tipples lor markel, unless il be Codlius, &c., ! 

 that come in early lor cooking, and Beaufius, &c, 

 lor drying. They see it will be impossible fur 

 them to compete wilh American orchurdists. 

 Yesterday J examined two or three hundred va- 

 rieties in ihe fruit rooms of the London Hotli- 

 culimal Society ; and among them all, there was 

 not a single large, clear colored, tine-looking 

 specimen. One would suppose at first sight, 

 that Ihey were all wind-liills, gathered from un- 

 der the trees lasi August. The Roxbury Kusset, 

 Fa'i Pippin, ami Rhode Island Greening, were 

 among Ihe best specimens; ami ihey were not 

 half the size we grow them. The most esteem- 

 ed varieties pointed out lo me by Mr. Thomson, 

 such as Pearson's Plate, Warmsley Pippin, Pom- 

 me Royal, (not our Pontine Royal,) Golden Har- 

 vey, Stunner Pippin, &c, are small, inferior 

 looking things — in size from thai, of a small 

 Pontine Gris to thai of a Siberian Crab; hut 

 ihey are generally harder anil richer than ours. 

 The Newtown Pippin and Roxbury Russet come 

 nearer ihe English lasje limn any other varieties 

 we cultivate. i had some Northern Spy and 

 .Melon wilh me, that 1 have here now in London 

 iu line condition. They have elii ited the admi- 

 ration of all who have seen them. There are, 

 indeed, no such apples to-day iu England. The 

 Northern Spy may he sent to Coven I GurdeiH 

 market, just as well as lo Fulton or Washington] 

 markets, New York, 'ihe pears iu ihe markers 

 here now are from France or ihe Island ol Jer- 

 sey. They come in half-bushel baskets, colitaiuf-i 

 ing fifty lo one hundred, according lo the size of 

 the fruit. They are packed iu very dry, soft, 

 meadow hay: a layer of ibis bay, two or tlnee 

 inches deep, is laid on ihe bottom, then a later, 

 of fruit, then another of hay, and so on lo Ihe 

 top: ihe fruits are not allowed to touch, and in 

 ibis way they go any distance with entire sulci _. > 

 I saw ai Liverpool lilile baskets of Gintit Alur- 

 cean and Chauinoutel, fifty in each, sold lor three 

 to four dollars each, lo ihe confectioners and 

 markel women to retail. 



•'In Coveut Garden market, which is head! 

 quarters lor all rare and fine garden cumiundi-- 

 ins 1 see line Sf. Ge cumins, (the old one.) .Mane 

 Louise, Passe Col mar, Winter Neiis, Beurr.y 

 Ranee, Easter Beurre, &c, sold at twelve and a 

 half lo eighteen and three-fourth cents each. If 

 we ever succeed in raising pears beyond vvltM 

 may he required lor home consumption, then 

 will find market an. I good prices here. Not onrf 

 person iu a thousand — J might say live thousand 

 — ever tasies a line pear." 



Report of Ihe Committee oj the Windsor (VI.) Court*- 



ty Agricultural Society on 



Breed ins Horses. 



We extract ihe following from a report made 

 at tin- lasi fair of the \\ iudsor County Agricd- 

 tural Society, by ihe Committee on Morses. Tin 

 Report is fhe best paper we have seen amoMS 

 fnose yet produced by toe agency of our CuuulJ 

 Sn ietii ■• f. reasons lur making ihe award; 

 are g veil in full, with excellent practical retmirlfi 

 on ihe buisness ol breeding horses: — 



Yon.- Committee are of opinion that there i 

 no branch of stock -raising more profitable ihoj 

 the reining of ihe best of horses; and ihey con 

 si. ier there is no trouble in accomplishing ihil 

 provided that none but Ihe vtsty best stallion 

 are hied lo. and none are bred from, any but 

 Cel lent horses, which, by Ihe way, arc vei* 

 scarce, and hard lo be obtained, and for ihe Co 

 lowing reasons: — Owing lo the high price goo 

 •' horse flesh " will ever command, (he inajonl 

 ol our best marcs, as soon as Ihey come to lint . 



rity, find their way mi ir village and city ma 



ki ts, ami are never Allowed he breed, save a le 

 that may be returned to the country aller h 

 coining unsound ii. limb, or having [heir eons 

 Illtion broken now n w |[h hind usage and old of 

 and main [hat remain among the limners a 



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