128 



v&lje JTarmct's iltontljly llieitar. 



25 s " Numbers of the Visitor for llie present 

 year not taken up by subscribers, it is requested 

 may lie returned to the publisher as the best 

 means of remuneration for their publication. 



From the North American and UnitPrJ States Gazette. 

 American Mechanics abroad. 



We have from lime to lime recorded the pro- 

 gress of the great railroad which the Emperor 

 of Russia is constructing for the purpose of con- 

 necting Moscow with St. Petersburg!]. It has 

 been carried on entirely by American .Mechanics, 

 and the Chief Engineer, Major Whistler, v. as a 

 citizen of the United States. His death, a feu 

 months ago, lias caused the necessity for a new 

 chief, ami it is stated that the office has been 

 tendered to Major T. S. Brown, of the New 

 York and Erie railroad. The proffer comes 

 through the Russian Minister,' and has been ac- 

 cepted under certain conditions. The road is 

 four hundred and twenty miles long, ami it is 

 estimated will cost $40,000,000. All the appoint- 

 ments are of the completes! and most durable 

 character, and it is expected that the distance 

 will be regularly travelled in twelve hours The 

 road is graded all the way, four hundred feet 

 wide, and on this a double, five feet track is laid. 

 Concerning the personnel of the road, a writer 

 in the Railroad Journal says: 



"An American house — Messrs. Harrison, Wi- 

 naus it Eastwick, of Baltimore — has the con- 

 tract for the equipment of this road, and they 

 have already supplied it with 102 locomotive en- 

 gines, averaging 25 tons weight, 72 passenger 

 cars, 2,580 freight cars, two Imperial saloon car- 

 riages, capable eaeli of carrying the Imperial 

 Court of Russia. 



"The Imperial saloon carriages are of 80 feet 

 in length and 9h feet in width, having double 

 trucks, with sixteen wheels under each. They 

 are finished into five different compartments, the 

 imperial mansion in the centre, twenty-five feel 

 in length, titled up with every luxury for sitting 

 or reclining, and with every comfort in every 

 part of it that the most ingenious mind can de- 

 vise, or the most refined lasle can desire. Spa- 

 cious platforms are provided in llie front and 

 rear. The whole cost of them exceeds S15,000 

 each ! 



"The depots at each terminus, and Ihc station 

 houses and engine houses along llie line are on 

 a plan uniform throughout, and on a scale equal- 

 ly imposing. Fuel and water stations are placed 

 ut suitable points*. Engine bouses are provided 

 at the distance of filiy miles apart, built of llie 

 most substantial masonry, of circular form, one 

 hundred and eighty feel in diameter, surmounted 

 with a dome, containing slabs for twenty-two 

 engines each. Engines are lo run from one en- 

 gine house lo another only under one heat, and 

 are run back and forth frotn slaiion to station, so 

 that they are kept constantly in charge of the 

 same persons. Repair shops are attached to eve- 

 ry engine bouse, furnished with every tool or 

 implement that ibe wants of the road can re- 

 quire. 



'■ Engine drivers have lo go through the ap- 

 propriate training before ihey are allowed to take 

 charge of an engine, ami every arrangement pro- 

 vided that skill, experience or ingenuity can de- 

 mand. 



"The equipments have been built in Russia, 

 in shops prepared by the contractors, and sup- 

 plied by them with Russian labor. The whole 

 contract with Messrs. Harrison, Winans & Easl- 

 wick. has amounted to between lour and five 

 millions of dollars. They engaged lo instruct a 

 suitable number of Russian mechanics to take 

 charge of engines when completed." 



Statistics of Immigration. 



The number of immigrants into ihe United 

 Suites last year, was estimated on ihe most ac- 

 curate daia that could be obtained, at about 

 250,000. This year [he number will probably 

 reach 300,000. The X. Y. Commercial gives the 

 following as the emigration to New York : 



The following table will present at one view 

 the number of immigrants wdio have arrived at 

 this port in llie first seven mouths of each year, 

 from 1S44 to the present lime ; and will show 

 the progressive increase which has taken place 

 each year, in what has now become an immense 

 and profitable business — the conveyance of im- 

 migrant passengers from Europe to this coun- 

 try, so far as respects this city. 

 Number of immigrants who arrived at New York 

 in each month from January to July, in 

 ihe years from ]S41 to 1849: 



1844. 1813. 1846. 1817. 1848. 1819. 

 January, 662 1293 1011) 4427 7871 8248 



Fehruary, 727 450 571 33G0 3o60 8390 



March, 712 2677 3770 2095 4396 9049 



April, 3372 5283 6256 21.412 14 531 19.934 



May, 5333 10 6G2 16,772 27,643 32,370 37,406 



June, 14,498 15450 18,596 85,255 13)041 29,078 



Julv, 9401 13,117 13,226 17 926 24,622 30,098 



31 C55 48,560 60,220 105,118 110,401 1 13.222 



The increase in the present year is, it will he 

 perceived, 32,818 over the number arriving in 

 the same time of last year. And the number 

 arriving in seven mouths of the present year is 

 more than four-fold the number who arrived in 

 an equal time of 1844. 



Of the 143,222 immigrants who arrived in the 

 first seven months of the present year, 101,220 

 were born in Great Britain and Ireland, or near- 

 ly seventy per cent.; being an increase in the 

 proportion over the previous year of four per 

 cent. : and of the remaining 42,002, there were 

 34,142 who were born in Germany, or nearly 

 twenty-four per cent., being a decrease in llie 

 proportion since last year of 4i per cent. In 

 hriefj llie comparison shows thus: 



Seven months of 1848 from Great Britain 67 per cent. 



" " 1819 " " 71 per cent. 



'• " loi'6 from Germany 28£ per cent. 



Seven months of 1849 " " 24 per cent. 



How Thieves are made. 



No one becomes a thief at once. It takes 

 time to form ibis character. The beginning is 

 small, but unless checked the work goes surely 

 on till great crimes are committed. 



Stealing fruit from orchards and gardens is 

 generally the first step that leads to a thievish 

 character. Boys in their teens, or even younger, 

 do this — that is, some hoys do — those whose pa- 

 rents think little of moral discipline, and who 

 regard pilferii g rather as a cunning trick, than 

 as a ciime lo be abhorred and corrected at all 

 hazards. There are such parents in every com- 

 munity, and they are breeding thieves who are 

 to curse society. We have known an indulgent 

 mother, a zealous church member, who, as such, 

 is hound lo train up her children in the nurture 

 and admonition of the Lord, to send her son 

 out into another's cornfield before noon to get 

 an armful of corn for the family's dinner, v.ilh- 

 out his knowledge or consent, and, after feasting 

 upon it, go to meeting and rejoice to hear Uni- 

 versalism abused as a system that leads to all 

 manner of sin. There is a large orchard out- 

 skirting our village, to which many parents send 

 their children with bags and baskets for apples 

 to eat and cook, never thinking to ask the own- 

 er's leave for the fruit. This is the way to make 

 thieves. Children will begin by stealing a pocket 

 full of apples; next, they will fill bags or baskets 

 with them ; next, they will dig holes in the 

 ground, or burrough into bay-mows and lay in 

 barrels of fruit for winter's use. From the or- 

 chard they will venture into gardens and steal 

 melons, plums, &c, and from this will advance 

 into the barn and steal eggs, or into the house, 

 and steal something that strikes their fancy there. 

 The next we bear of them is, that they have pil- 

 fered from ihe stores, nuts, oranges, handker- 

 chiefs, money, &c. It now takes but a litile 

 more courage to break open a store or a bank, or 

 lo meet a man and rob him in ihe highwav, after 



knocking him down, and perhaps stalling him to 

 death. Thus Ihe character is sure to ripen off, 

 from a pilferer of orchards and gardens to store- 

 breaking, highway robbery and murder — the jail, 

 the state prison and the gallows. We know- 

 hoys that we see every day who are running the 

 road to crime and ruin as fast as their legs can 

 carry them. If parents love their children, we 

 beg them to look at the consequences of their 

 own neglect. Restrain a child w hen he is young, 

 and there is hope that he will not bring himself 

 to ruin or you to disgrace ; but if you allow Utile 

 vices and crimes to go uncorrected, you may he 

 sure that those Utile things will soon become very 

 great ones, and then it will be too hile to rectify 

 them. The habits are powerful, and these are 

 formed in early life. Of what vast importance 

 then is it that parents should watch over the ha- 

 bits of their children and see that they are form- 

 ed on virtue's side. To allow children to loaf 

 about the streets or lie under fences concocting 

 mischief, when they should be in school; to rove 

 amongst fields and orchards on llie Sabbath, 

 when they should be in church ; to build little 

 houses, or cabins, out of sight of moral people, 

 and there call together kindred idlers by evening 

 to play cards, read licentious books, talk vile 

 stuff, eat the frail ihey have pilfered, the eggs 

 they have stolen, and otherwise amuse themselves 

 at the sacrifice of their virtue, — is a sure way to 

 educate them for the penitentiary and the gal- 

 lows. We have several such schools in town in 

 full blast, and the parents of the pupils in them 

 seem to look on with unconcern, if not with ap- 

 proval! Well, the world, we suppose, must al- 

 ways have its knaves and thieves and murderers 

 in it, and the next generation bids fair to have 

 enough of them. — Gospel Banner, .Qugusta, Me. 



FARM FOR SALE. 



THR subscriber 'offers for sale his Farm, situated in 

 the south-west part of Bedford, six miles frem Man- 

 chester. Said farm consists of 1-10 acres, divided into 

 mowing, pasturing, ullage and woodland, wild a good va- 

 riety of FRUIT TREES thereon in a bearing stale, enn- 

 sisling of Apple, Peach, Plum, Cherries, Grape, Currants, 

 '■rries. iScc. The above rrmt has-been selected 

 from the choicest kinds with a view to the market. Also 

 one oilier Young Orchard of Baldwin Apples, three years 

 from the bud, consisting of eighly trees. 



On the premises are two COTTAGE MOUSES, Shed 

 and Birn — 90 by 30. The above farm lias been improved 

 lor the list four years as a milk anJ Vegetable farm. 



Anv one wishing to engage in either or boih of the 

 above branches of farming, will do welt to call and ex- 

 amine the premises, as the crops will be a belter recom- 

 mend ition than any Ihing the subscriber may say. 



Reference may be made to Hon. Isaac Hill, Concord, 

 or lo 



BROOKS SHATTUCK, 



on the premises. 



Ai.so— One oilier Farm in said town, of 110 acres, 

 in i good condition, with buildings newly titled up. 

 For furl her paniculars enquire as above. 

 Bedford, Aug. 31, 1319. 3ms 



FARM FOR SALE. 



fj WIE subscribers oiler for sale their FARM in Ensom, 

 I well-known as the Cilley place, lying on the Turn- 

 pike road, and near the centre of the town, and close to 

 the line of the contemplated railroad from Hooksett to 

 Pit'.-field. The home place contains upward of 200 

 acres; a large proportion of which is mowing, and tillage; 

 the buildinos are two good DWELLING HOUSES, two 

 Birns with Sheds, and aW olher Out buildings suitable for 

 two families. Also, a large Pasture about two miles 

 from the home [dace, containing about 90 acres, well 

 watered, lying by Hie side of Odiorne's pond (so called.) 

 Also, a Wood and Timber lot, containing about 90 

 acres, about one and a half miles from the home place, 

 and very handy lo Long Falls Saw Mill. They also offer 

 the crops now growing, and the hay in the barns, being 

 sufficient to winter filly head of cattle ; the greater part 

 cut on the home place llie present season 



If not disposed of at private sale llie present season, it 

 will be offered at public auction the 20th d iy ofFebruary, 

 1850. 



Conditions of sale for the whole or such parts as may 

 be agreed upon, will be liberal. 



W. P. CILLEY, 

 J. L. CILLEY. 



Epsom, August 31, 1819. 3ms. 



