THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR. 



ni?o iiiykcs tlieir. sniootii jaid prepare^ 'beni fo: 

 the second operation, v/hicli is with ilie " scra- 

 per." Tiie cotton is thiuned at tlie first working, 

 leaving a single stalk not nearer than eighteen 

 inches and not more than three feet. The after 

 cultnre is perCornicd nt-arly altojiethcr witli the 

 sklmnier, wliicli sliavfs the" surface of the hcds, 

 throwing a little earth up to the cotton. The hoe 

 follows, merely going over the tops of the beds, 

 and those spots where the skimmer has not 

 worked well, or cannot approach. A skimmer 

 does three acres per diem. An aliie bodied hand 

 will do from fifty to one hundred rows of two 

 hundred and ten feet in length, according to the 

 grassiness, &c. of the fields. The fields are gone 

 over ii-om every ten to fifteen days. The Petit 

 Gu'f seed, as we have elsewhere said, alone is 

 planted. The yield from this is an average of 

 one thonsand pounds of cotton per acre. From 

 thirty-five acres Col. Williams lias gathered two 

 thousand one hundred and ninety-six poinids per 

 acre. The pickings are nsuallv"accomplished in 

 from one to three times going over. The gin- 

 ning is done on one of the plantations by water 

 power— on the others Ijy animals. Hon'ses fpr 

 the reception of the cotton are built in several 

 parts of the different plantations, especially when 

 distant from the main settlements. 



^rational Gallery. 



We ask the attention of persons desirous of 

 promoting the extension of the arts and manu- 

 factures of the country, to the nrconiii.uiyiiii,' oir, 

 cular letter from the Coninii.-isidiiri- of J'.-itchts at 

 Washington. Witii tliis i-iiiiiiimni(aiiii:i tlii' (.'cuu- 



inissioner sent us an fn.i;ni\e(l vie u 

 Patent Office which is now erecliny at llic scat of 

 government, the largest hall of wliich is •i7':i fett 

 in length, &3 ieet wide, and 30 ieit hiuli: this 

 room, being entirely fire-proof, is destined in the 

 lapse of time to present a greater amount of 

 specimens of ingenious invention, than at present 

 is to be found in any part of the habitable globe. 

 The ingenuity of Americans-outstrips that of any 

 other nation on earth : inventions multiply in this 

 country so that there are ten patents obtained 

 where there probably was not more than one ten 

 years ago. Deposits for some twenty to thirty 

 patents a month — as many as were issued in "a 

 year thirty years since for the whole United 

 States— have been made at the office of the Re- 

 ceiver General at Boston ever since the oflice was 

 opened in August last. The plan of depositing 

 models of impatented inventions with descrip- 

 tions of their uses, is u good one. Our friends, 

 the Shakers, have many labor-saving inventions 

 of their own which have nci-er been patented, 

 models of which would speak wtiil for them to 

 the nation if they were jilaced in tlie National 

 Gallery. Other ingenious mechanics may have 

 an opportunity to show tiieniselves to advantage 

 by availing themselves of the ofter of the Com- 

 missioners. 



Patent Office, Decemher 18, 18-10. 



Sir: — You are doubtless apprised, by the pub- 

 lic papers, that a Natio.xai, GALiERTm the Pa- 

 tent ofiicc is open for the reception of unpaten- 

 ted models and specimciis of ujanuflictures. I 

 confidently hope that the liberal views manifested 

 by Congress will be pi-omj.tly resiionded to by 

 the manufacturers, and all others, engaged in the 

 mechanic arts. They may be assured that jjre- 

 paration will be made to exhibit articles deposited 

 to the best advantage, and every attention be- 

 stowed to protect them in glass cjsss, from injury 

 or loss. 



Few, very few, are siware of the progress of 

 the arts in the United States, and hence the skep- 

 ticism as to the ability we possess to supply our 

 own wants. Our ficto/ies, scattcre<l over a wide- 

 ly extended surfaci', are seen by travellers only, 

 and they can visit but few, in traversing the lead- 

 ing routes. Unlike the concentrated establish- 

 ments in Europe, where steam power is used, here 

 factories and work-slinps are found in retired 

 spots, where streams (a vahmble portion of na- 

 t'onal capital) give the most econoinical — the hy- 

 draulic powei-. 



Annual fairs, in inany places, haye done muph 

 good and excited a laudable emulation ; but these 

 have been limited to a short duration, and design- 

 ed for citizens in their immediate vicinity. It is 

 uow proposed to establish, at the seat of Goven 

 ment, a National Gallery, to remain a perpt 



ol' the arts in tlie Lnitcd Slutes. Here the most 

 beautiful specimens ot the genius and industry of 

 the nation will he found ; and what American 

 can visit the Gallery, and not be still prouder of 

 his country, and feel that while we are J'ree, we 

 are also independent. 



Permit me to say, that I am almost daily in- 

 quired of, where certain manlltiictures can be 

 found, and] feel assured, that an exhibition, pre- 

 senting so liivorably, not only the article manu- 

 factured, but the location and "address of the man- 

 ufacturer, will be reciprocally beneficial to all 

 concerned. 



The rooms, though spacious, will not admit of 

 cumbrous article^; samples and specimens, simi- 

 lar to those exhil)ited at the principal/aw, will be 

 tliaiiklully received. I would observe, the Patent 

 Office is fire proof, and suarded bv a careftd 

 watch. The largest Hall Is 273 fijet long, G3 feet 

 wide, and 30 feet high, and is susceptible of a 

 gallery vvhen needed. On the ground floor are 

 rooms of less dimensions, but in the agsregate of 

 equal area; these are designed for the" different 

 kinds of agricultural implements, seeds, and oth- 

 er objects. 



The collection and distril)ution of seeds seems 

 to nieet with much apinoliation ; at<d it may be 

 gradtying to know that the Di|ilomatic Corjjs, and 

 the Navy, are using much effort to transmit to the 

 Patent Office the" most valuable exotic, while 

 from the agriculturists of this country is expected 

 the best specimens of indigenous seeds. 



Tjiis NAriQNAi, Gai.lkry addresses itself to all 

 classes ; yet, however important or usefiil it may 

 be, its success de[(euds entirely upon the ze:d 

 manifested in its commencement; for it cannot 

 be doubted, that, when once established, it will 

 commend itself to the continued patronage of the 

 public. 



The names of Agents are annexed, who will 

 forward free of expense such articles as may be 

 deposited with thetn. 



May I solicit your kind influence and assistance 

 in this imdertaking. 



AVith great respect, vour obedient servant, 

 " II. L. ELLSWORTH, 



p. S, The Commissioner of Patents avails 

 himself of this opiiortunity to request Patentees, 

 and the public in general, to aid the Office in re- 

 storing the records of all patents andflssisnments 

 granted before the fire in December, 1836. The 

 same cannot be used in evidence iniless so re- 

 corded anew. No expense is incurred. The pa- 

 pers are received and transmitted by mail. 

 Models and Specimens, ij deposited until any of the 



following J}gents, will be forwarded to the Patent 



Office free of expense. 



Collector at Portsmouth, N. H. • 



Coii.N' !->• LxDiAXA. — Two brothers in La Fay- 

 ette Co., Indiana, have raised on their farm the 

 past year, 3.5,0C0 bush.ds of corn. Those who 

 have read Mr. Ellsworth's valuable work on the 

 Wabash Valley, will understand how jiork is made 

 from this corn. The hogs ;;re first turned into 

 one fipld, where they g;ulipr the corn for them- 

 selves : when this field is exhausted, they are 

 turned into another, and so in succession "until 

 they are fattened on the corn eaten, when they 

 are driven to Cincinnati or some other pork mar- 

 ket for sliuffbteriiig, 350 hogs are allowed to 

 100 acres of corn where the latter is of medium 

 quality, or 60 bualiels per acre. — Alliany Cxdlivator. 



Pdcdrettk. — The sul^rribers reside in tlie 

 State of New Jersey, many of us in the vicinity 

 of the Works erected by Anthony Dey of the ci- 

 ty of New York on the Hackensack river in New 

 Jersey for the manufacture of Urate and Poudret- 

 te, called " 7V^e Lodi Manufacturing Company." 

 We have used the Pondrette on the spring crops 

 this year, (1840.) We find it a valuable manure, 

 superior to any other kind that we have ever used, 

 and considering the facility of its transportaiion to 

 the f eld, the small quantity required in the application 

 to the crops, the quickness of its operation on vegeta- 

 ble matter, and the ease with tvhich it can be applied 



all ten'd to recommend its use to the farmer and 

 gardener, as the cheapest and best manure, and we 

 recommend it accordingly. Those of us who 

 have applied it to corn and potatoes, think that it 

 ripens those vegetables quicker than any other 

 manui-e bv several weeks. 



Jacob D. Van Winkle, John J. Newkirk, John 

 Tise, Daniel Van Riper, George Demott, Henry 

 Dravton, Josiah Hornblower, Cornelius Van 

 Winkle, P. F. Welsh, G. C. Van Riper, George 

 Tise, William Wood, John Diiryee, George New- 

 kirk, Garret Newkirk, Daniel Vreeland. 



Dated JVew Jersey, October, 1840. 



Shares in the above Company are .$100 each, 

 and may be had by ai)iilylng to Anthony Dey, No. 

 73, Ced.-ir St., New"York. The owner will receive 

 20 per cent, per amntm, payable in money, or 50 

 bushels of Poudrette. The price to those who 

 buy Poudrette, is 40 cents a bushel. It costs the 

 stock-holders 12 cents a bushel. One cent's 

 wortlMhat is 20 -ills, « ill manure 20 hills of corn, 

 and the like ijii.-uitily, 1") hills of potatoes. 



News|ia|ii rs fiiciiilly tci agriculture, will confer 

 a favor on the faruiors anil gardeners by publish- 

 ing the above. 



The .4rt of making Agriculture profitable. 



The great art of renovating the farms of New 

 England lies in the liiculty to produce and make 

 manure. Where plenty of mannre can be made, 

 the land may be made rich : there is scarcely 

 any land so poor that it will not \if [.rotitalilo to 

 apply to it some kinds of iiKimnc. I'lasti r of 

 Paris has of itself done wonileis on suine kinds 

 of ground — on other kinds of land, it is suppos- 



ed to have little or no effect. Near the i 



within the distance of ten or fifteen miles, it is 

 not much used: farther from the sea it is much 

 used. In the western part of Massachusetts and 

 Vermont and in the counties of New Y''ork eas- 

 terly cf the Hudson river plaster has been used to 

 great advantage. Production has been doubled 

 by the use of this mineral manure alone ; it has 

 also been much increased by the same means all 

 along the valley of Connecticut river in Connec- 

 ticut, Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hamp- 

 shire. Quick lime also has had a grand effect 

 on the lands in some parts of the country. In 

 the State of Pennsylvania it is brought into very 

 general use as a manure ; and it is believed tliat 

 in limvstonc countries, on the ground out of 

 which the stone is taken, the lime has quite as 

 good effect as in those tracts of country where 

 there is no limestone. Wood ashes, it is believ- 

 ed, will operate as a good manure on all kinds of 

 land — their effects arc undoubtedly sooner felt 

 on some kinds of lands than upon others; but 

 in all soils we believe they will have their due 

 effect sooner or later. Leached ashes are also 

 excellent on most kinds of light silicious soils — 

 they are fell in such soils years after the com- 

 mon manures have ceased to operate. 



But upon every kind of land the mineral ma- 

 nure, will be greatly aided by such vegetable 

 composts as inay be made about every farm in 

 the country. Some farmer's say they coidd do 

 nuich better with their lands if they were situa- 

 ted near stables where horses are constantly 

 kept ;ind hpd the means to p(irchase stable ma- 

 nure. All farmers have the means of making 

 manures within their reach at quite as little ex- 

 pense of labor as the manures would cost if ta- 

 ken from the stable. There is no better, materi- 

 al for increasing the farmer's mannre than the 

 leaves of trees ; these tnay be gathered nppn the 

 windward side of every wall or close fence adja- 

 cent to forests. Frequently there are solid lay- 

 ers of leaves several inches deep from which 

 cartloads may .scon be gathered. These jeavps 

 are not only an excclleiit manure of tlicmselves, 

 huf thrown" and scattered in yards, or laid down 

 as the litter of cattle or swine, they receive and re- 



