February, IS12. 



THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR 



apart, &c. These numbers are ohtiiincd by divi- 

 ding 43,560, the number of t^quaie feet in an acre, 

 by the square of the number of feet the plants 

 are distant from eacli other; thus — tlie square of 

 2 is 4, and 43,560 divided by 4 gives 10,890, as 

 above. If the plants be set in an oblong form, as 

 five feet by six apart, multiply the two distances 

 together, and divide 43,560 by their product, for 

 the answer. V/hen setting out trees, farmers gen- 

 erally name the distance in yards, la this case, 

 divide,4840, the square yards in an acre, by the 

 square of distances apart, if they be equal, or by 

 their product if they be unecpial, and the quotient 

 will be the number of trees in an acre. For ex- 

 ample: at 7 yards apart, an ai-ro contains 98 

 trees; for the square of 7 is 49, and 4840 divided 

 by 49 gives 98, the nearest whole number. If the 

 distances be 7 and 10, their product is 70, and 

 4840 divided by 70 gives 69 tvees—Mwbern Spec- 

 tator. 



-mr 



plant! 



plants 



35 



Krom Colman's Fourth Agricultural Report. 



Weeds. 



" Weed. — A weed is .1 Plant opt of Place.'' 



The subjoined Table was prepared at my re- 

 quest, by John L. Russell, minister of Chelms 

 ford, Middlesex county, Mass. Mr. Russell has 

 distinguished himself by his botanical researches, 

 and his ardor and success in the study of Natiu-al 

 History. Why should not he preach about the 

 flowers of the field, after the example of the 

 highest of all teachers, who charged his disciples 

 to " consider the lilies hoio they grow," that they 

 might learu a lesson of the ceaseless and be- 

 nignant Providence of God ? 

 .Vative and introduced Plants growing about Fields 



and Gardens : considered as Weeds by the Agri- 

 culturist. 



Daucus Carrota, L. — Wild Carrot, (introduced :) 

 in mowing; abundant in Chelsea. 



Ligusticum Scoticum, L. — Sea Lovage ; edges 

 of meadows near the sea. 



Pastinaca Saliva, L.— Wild Parsnip, (introduc- 

 ed :) fields and waysides; liable to spread if 

 neglected. 



Clematis Virginiana, L. — Traveller's Joy ; 

 climbling over bushes and stone walls. 



Ranunculus Acris, L.— Acrid Buttercup ; in 

 very wet meadows. 



Chelidouium Majus, Wild.— Celandine; pro- 

 bably introduced — in gardens, way-sides, vStc. 



Cochlearia Arnioracea, L. — Horse Radish ; 

 troublesome as a weed in mowing. 



Lepidium Virginicum, L.— Wild Pepper Grass ; 

 on poor land and by the way-side. 



Raphanus Raphanistruni, L. — Cadlock ; Wild 

 Radish. 



Sisymbrium Officinale, Dec— Hedge Mustard. 



Thiaspi Bursa Pastoris, L. — Shei)lierd's Purse ; 

 in gardens and fields. 



Berberis Vulgaris, L.— Barberry ; more abun- 

 dant near the sea-shore. 



Malva Rotundilblia, L. — Low Mallows ; a weed 



Hypericum Perforatuin, L. — Si. John's Wort ; 

 in old gravelly and sandy fields and pasture.^. 



Parnassia Caroliniana, M.x. — Grass of Parnas- 

 sus ; occasionally seen in wet meadovv.s. 



Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, L. — Water Saxifrage ; 

 wet meadows. 



Epilobium Angustifolium, L. — Willow Herb ; 

 fire weed, — on new burnt land and occasionally 

 in fresh meadows, — increases rapidly by seed. 



CEnothera Biennis, L. — Scabish ; Tree Prim- 

 rose ; old stony fields, rye fields aiul gravel pit.s. 



Lythrum Salicarin, L. — Purple Loosestrilb ; 

 growing in bunches with pendent stems over 

 ditches and pond-s. 



Sanguisorba Canadensis.— Wild Burnet; in 

 fresh meadows, Ipswich, Topsficld, &o. 



Poteniilla Augentea, L.— Silver Fivefinger; old 

 sandy fields, just after cultivation. 



Potentilla Norvegica, L. — Do. do. 



Rosa Corymbosa, Elirliart.— Swamp Rose ; 

 among stone walls. 



Rosa Rubiginosa, L. — Sweet Briar ; do. do. 



Rubus Villosus, Alton.— High Blackberry, 

 do. Trivialis, Mx.— Low Blackberry. 



CratBBgus (species varise). — Thorn Bush ; Haw- 

 thorn. 



Apios Tuberosa, Ph.— Ground Nut ; climbing 

 on bushes near the boundaries of fields and pas- 

 tures. 



Baptisia Tinctoriu, R. Brown.— Wild Indigo; 

 pastures. 



Crotalaria Sagittalis, L.— Rattle Box; fields, 

 Weston, Mass. 



Genista Tinctoria, L. — Wood Waxen ; dyer's 

 weed, peculiar to the vicinity of Salem — intro- 

 duced. 



Lespedeza Capitata, Mx.— Tall Trefoil; dry 

 pastures. 



Lupinus Perennis, L.— Wild Lupine ; sandy 

 and gravelly soils. 



Medicago Lupulina, L.— Nonesuch ; resembles 

 yellow clover, and perhaps nearly as good. 



Pisum Maritmum, L.— Beach Pea ; sea-coast, 

 eaten by horses. 



Urtica Dioica, L.— Nettle ; walls and road 

 sides. 



Comptonia Aspleiiifolia, Alton.— Sweet Fern ; 

 old pastures. 



Myrica Cerifera, L.— Bay Berry ; useful for its 

 vegetable wax. 



Myrica Gale, L.— A low bush in svvamiJS and 

 edges of fresh meadows. 



Celastrus Scandeus, L.— False Bitter Sweet; 

 wax work, a tall strong climber on trees and over 

 stone walls. 



Ampelopsis Quinqnefolia. — Woodbine; false 

 grape, on stone walls and running up trees. 



Rhus Radicans, L.— Poison Ivy ; found as above, 

 do. Vernix. — Poison Dogwood ; Bigelow's 

 Med. Bot. pi. X. 



Genuiiuni Dissectum, L.— Wild Cut-leaved 

 Geranium; sandy fields. 



Agrostetnrna Githago, L.— Corn Cockle ; in 

 troduced, seen among wheat — annual and in- 

 creases by seed. 



Dianihus Armeria, L.— Slender Pink ; with tht 

 above. 



Saponaria Offiiiinalis, L.— Bouncing Bet; soaj 

 wort — introduced,and spreads by the root ; edges 

 of fields and near heaps of compost. 



SpergulaArvensis, L.— Corn Spurry; among 

 corn and wheat, especially in light warm land. 



Phytolaca Decandni, L.— Poke ; barn yards. 



Polygonum A viculare, L.— Knot Grass; trou- 

 blesome about house yards. 



Polygonmn Scaudens.— Climbling in cultivated 

 fields," with Polygonum Fagopyrum, L. Buck- 

 wheat, &.C. 



Rumex Cri.spus, L.— Curled Dock; exceeding- 

 ly troublesome in mowing and meadows. 



Rumex Acetosella, L.— Field Sorrel,— indi- 

 cates a [loor, thin soil. " -^--jth"^ 



Rumex Obtusifolius, L.— Broad Leaved Dock ; 

 do. do. 



Campanula Perfoliata, L.— Clasping Bell Flow- 

 er; in light cultivated soils. 



Lobelia Inflata, L.— Indian Tobacco; every 

 where causing horses to slaver. 



Plantago Major, L.— Plantain ; common near 

 door steps. 



Plantago Lanceolata, L.— Ribbed-Leaved Plan- 

 tain, or Rib-wort, fields. 



Ambrosia Elatior, L.— Hog Weed; Anakim, 

 Roman Wormwood. 



Anthemis Cotula, L.— May Weed; stinking 

 camomile, on sides of roads, and on heaps of 

 compost. 



BIdens Frondosa, L. — Burr Marigold ; trouble- 

 some in moist cornfields, and in cleared-up and 

 cultivated swamps. 



Bidens Tripartita, L. — Trifid Burr Marigold or 

 Beggar's Lice ; tick seed, sheep ticks, ditches, 

 swamps. 



Cnicus Arvensis, Wild.— Canada Thistle ; de- 

 stroyed by mowing it when it flower.". 



Cnicus Lanceoliitus.— Common Thistle.^ 



Onorpordon Acanthium, L. — Cotton Thistle; 

 waste grounds ; very large in rich soils. 



Cehtaurea Nigra, L.— Knap weed ; black this- 

 tle, troublesome in stony, rich soil : introduced. 



Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. — 0.\eyc 

 I)ai.sy; White Weed, &c. Introduced. 



Chichoriuni Intybus, L. — Succory ; Middlesex 

 county: introduced. 



Erigeron Integriforuun.-Rye field*, 

 do. C'anadensu. do. 



Gnaphalium Polycephalum, M.x. — Sweet-scent- 

 ed Everlasting. 



Gnaphliuin Margaritaceum, L. — Pearly Ever- 

 lasting. 



Helianthus Tuberosus, L. — Artichoke ; gar- 

 dens. Introduced. 



Inula Helenium, L.— Elecampane ; in clayey 

 soils ; Essex Co. 



Senecio Vulgaris, L.— Groundsel ; in gardens. 



Senecio Hieracifolitis, Mx. Fire Weed ; on 

 new-burnt land, spreading with great rapidity by 

 its downy seeds. 



Tanacetum Vulgare, L. — Tansey ; if neglected, 

 grows in very dense and troublesome jiatches. 

 Introduced. 



Asclepias Syriaca, L. — Milk Weed ; road 

 sides ; young shoots used for asparagus ; fibres 

 of the stems spun for thread, and silky down of 

 seeds, in the ornamental ■ivork of capes. Several 

 other species growing in swamps. 



Convolvulus Arvensis, L. — do. Sepium, L. — 

 do. Sians, Mx. — Morning Glory ; in fields and 

 on stone walls ; the second species a great creep- 

 er, with beautiful flowers. 



Antirrhinum Linaria, L, — Toad Flax ; a great 

 pest in cultivated fields, especially among wheat 

 on rich stony land, and difficidt to extirpate. 



Datura Stramomium, L. — Apple of Pern ; 

 Thorn Apple ; sea-shore and w ay-side, near rich 

 compost heaps, and contiguous to barns, Intro- 

 duced. Seeds a violent emetic, and whole plant 

 dangerous. 



HyoscyainusNiger ; Henbane; in waste places; 

 valuable in medicine. 



Nicandra Physaloides; Persoon ; strayed out of 

 gardens, and likely to prove a weed. 



Verbascum Thapsus, L. — Mullein; pastures, 

 old fields, &c. 



Verbascum Blattaria, L. — Moth Mullein ; Es- 

 sex Co. 



Lamium Amplexicaide, L. — Hen Bit ; Dead 

 Nettle, old gardens and nurseries. 



Leonurus Cardiaca, L. — Mother Wort ; every- 

 where. 



Marrubitmi Vulgare, L. — Hoarhoutid ; road 

 sides. Introduced. 



Nepeta Cataria, L.— Cat Mint ; under stone 

 walls. 



Trichostema Dichotoina, L. — Blue Curls ; in 

 sandy soils, as rye fields and poor pastures. 

 (Annual.) 



Alisma Plantago, L.— Water jilantain ; in wet 

 places and muddy ponds. 



Iris Versicolor, L.— Blue Flag or Wild-Iris; 

 wet meadows. 



Iris Gracilis, Bigelow. — Boston Iris ; do. 



Allium Canadense, L.— Wild Onion ; Meadow 

 Garlic ; apt to increase in grain fields, and giving 

 the alliaceous flavor to flour ; a bad weed. 



Smilax Rotundifolia, L. — Green Briar; in 

 swamps, and covering under-grow th with green, 

 prickly branches; difficult to kill. 



Typha Latifolia, L.— Cat Tail ; in ditches and 

 mud-iioles, well known as Flags. 



Acorus Calamus, L.— Sweet Flag; in wet 

 meadows. , 



Pothos Fcetida, Mx.— Skunk Cabbage : cattle 

 are said to bo fond of the dried leaves, which are 

 sweet. 



Conimn Maculatum. — Hemlock ; (a dangerous 

 plant,) by way-sides and waste places. 



Arctium Lappa. — Burdock; troublesome, and 

 next to useless. 



Agrostis Chmdestina. — Hidden bent Grass; a 

 coarse weedy species, about bams and in culti- 

 vated grounds. 



Leersia Oryzoides, Swtz. — Cut Grass; tall, 

 coarse, with sharp ciliated leaVes. 



Bromus Secaliuus, L. — Ches."!, or Cheat; in 

 wheat and rye fields. Introduced. 



Andropogon Nutans, L. — Beard Grass; com- 

 mon on poor stony (hy soils, growing in tufts, 11 

 wiry indifl^erent species. 



Digitaria Sauguinalis, Mx. — Purple Panic 

 Grass; a common weed in cultivated grounds. 



Panicum Cms Galli, L. — Cocksfoot; a coarse 

 annual grass in gardens and in rich fields. 



Panicum Glaucuui, L. — Panic Grass ; in simi- 

 lar situations. 



Triticum Repens. L.— Couch Grass ; Twitch 

 Grass; troublesome and very difficult to eradi- 

 cate ; the loots eaten in Italy. * 



Carex, Sp.— The Carices are grasses with 

 tlu'ee-sided stems, and compose the principal her- 

 bage of the coarsw products of fresh meadows ; 



