March, 1842. 



THE FARMER'S MONTHLY VISITOR 



35 



123,514 



776 

 386,402 



2,131 



712,151 



230,649 



10,900 



28,845 



51,244 

 1 



3,000 



7 



15,998 



No. of persons employed, 3-t 



Capital iiivesled, 40,570 



Tobacco. 

 Value ot muDufactured ar- 

 ticles, 10,500 

 No of persons employed, 17 

 Capital invested, 2,100 



Hals, Caps, Bonnets, ^c. 

 Value of hats and caps 

 manufactured, 190,526 



Value of straw bonnets, 9,379 



No of persons employed, 2,048 

 Capital invested, 48,852 



Leather, Tanneries, Saddleries, Sfc. 

 No. of Tanneries, 2.51 



Sides of sole leather tanned, 43,396 

 Sides of upper leather tan- 

 ned, 

 No. of men employed, 

 Capital Invested,- 

 All other manufactories of 

 leather, saddleries, &c. 

 Value of manufactured ar- 

 ticles. 

 Capital invested. 



Soap and C((ndks. 

 No. of poinids of soap, 

 No. of pounds of tallow can- 

 dles, 

 No. of pounds of spermaceti 



and wax candles, 50,000 



No. of men employed, 20 



Capital invested, 13,550 



Distilled and Fermented Liquors. 

 No. of Distilleries, 5 



Gallons produced, 

 No. of breweries, 

 Gallons produced, 

 No. of men employed, 

 Capital invested, 



Powder Mills. 

 No. of powder .Mills, 

 Pounds of gunpowder i 

 No. of men employed. 

 Capital invested, 



Druses and Medicincs,Paints and Dyes. 

 Value of Medicinal drugs, 



paints, dyes, &c. 10,039 4,1 



Turpentine and varnisi 



value produced, 

 No. of men employed, 

 Capital invested, 



Glass, Earthen Ware 

 No. of Gla-'s Houses, 3 



No. of Glass cuttin<^ establishments. 

 No. of men employed, 85 



Value of manufactured articles 



inelucling looUinff-glasscs, 47,000 

 Capital invested, ^ 44,000 



No. of Potteries, 14 



Value of manufactured ar- 

 ticles, 19,100 

 No. of men employed, 29 

 Capital invested, ' 6,840 



Sus:ar Refineries, Chocolate, Sfc. 

 No. of Sugar Refineries, 

 Value of produce. 

 Value of chocolate manufactured. 

 Value of confectionary made 11,300 

 No. of men employed, 10 



Capital invested, 3,100 



Paper. 

 No. ot Matm factories, 13 



Value of produce, 150,000 



Value of all other manufac- 

 tures of paper, playing 

 cards, &c. " 1,500 



No. of men employed. 111 



Capital invested, _ 104,-300 



Printing and Binding. 

 No. of Printing Offices, 36 



No. of Binderies, 22 



No. of daily newspapers, 

 No. of weekly newsiiapers, 27 



Nu. of semi and tri-weekly newspapers 

 No. of periodicals, 6 



No. of men employed. 2.56 



Capital invested, 110,850 



Cordage. 

 No. of ropewalks, 1 



Value of produce, 15,000 



No. of men employed 10 



Capital invi-sted, G.OOO 



Musical Instruments. 

 Value produced, 26,750 



lade, 185,000 

 11 

 S.000 



2,289 



9 



3.589 



S,-c. 



15,905 

 4,368,991 



5,819,568 



8,384 



3,437,191 



8,704,342 



1,476,505 



20,176 



4,485,300 



8,229 

 3,463,611 



3,781.868 



26,018 



15,650,929 



33,134,403 

 12,881,262 



49,820,497 



17,904,507 



2,936,951 



5,641 



2,757,273 



10,306 



41,402,637 



406 



23,267,730 



12,333 



9,147,368 



137 



8,977,348 



496 



875,875 



660,827 



1,848 



4,597,675 



81 



34 



3,236 



2,890,293 



2,084,100 



059 



1,104,835 



1,612 



551,431 



43 



3,250,700 



79,i.'00 



1,143,965 



1,355 



1,769,571 



426 

 5,641,495 



511,597 



4,726 



4,745,239 



1,553 



447 



138 



1,141 



135 



227 



11,533 



5,873,845 



388 



4,078,306 



4,4(54 



2,405,577 



923.931 



Irrigation. 



The importance of water to vegetation is known 

 to every farmer, yet very few are the instances in 

 which this natural want is supplied by artificial 

 means. In most cases, by a wise dispensation of 

 Pi evidence, showers supply the requisite mois- 

 ture, and of all water that can be applied to plants, 

 rain water is found the most suitable: but there 

 are some soils and some crops which require 

 more water than others, and which are greatly 

 benefited by artificial supplies. Thus the dtifting 

 sands of Arabia are arrested and covered with 

 vegetation by v\ater ; the rice fields of India and 

 the south are flooded to secure a crop ; and irri- 

 gation, or an occasional flowing of water from 

 brooks, rivers, or springs, over meadows, is found 

 to add much to their productiveness. All water 

 contains more or less matter esaenlial to plants. 

 The soluble salts, the finely divided organic mat- 

 ters, and the richest parts of all soils, are contin- 

 ually passing away in the streams by which our 

 fields are watered, and it is this cause which 

 forms one of the active drawbacks on their fer- 

 tility. To arrest and detain these matters from 

 wholly passing away, and being lost to the soil, 

 is another important end of irrigation. The more 

 foreign matter any water contains, the more val- 

 uable it will be for irrigation ; thus rain water is 

 better than that of springs, and rivers below large 

 towns are found to act far more effectively than 

 above. Of this there is abmidant evidence in the 

 use of the Thanigs water below and above Lon- 

 don, and [larticnlarly the celebrated Craiginiitmy 

 meadows below Edingbugli. Water generally 

 contains sulphate of lime, at least all hard waters 

 do, and a single flowing of a meadow with such 

 water for a few days, besides the other materials 

 it deposits, will leave more of this sulphate or 

 plaster than is usually applied per acre by farm- 

 ers. Some of the best meadows and lands of 

 England have been formed by flowing tliem and 

 increasing the deposit, until poor lands have be- 

 come like the richest alluvion. In this country, 

 few instances of irrigation have as yet been at- 

 tempted ; but where it has been done by system, 

 and with reference to permanent results, they 

 have proved most successful ; and the practice, 

 as the soils become older, and other methods be- 

 sides manuring become proper to promote fertil- 

 ity, will doubtless be conunon. — Cultivator. 



Indian Coru 



Is one of the most valuable of the plants cul- 

 tivated for the use of man or animals ; a native 

 of America, hut now spread over a large part of 

 the habitable globe, and where cultivated, consti- 

 tuting an article of breatl in perhaps more gener- 

 al use than any other. Corn requires a warm 



climate, a rich soil, and good cultivation ; under 

 these circumstances, the product per acre will 

 rise high, many instances being reported of crops 

 from one hundred to one hundred and fifty bush- 

 els. In England and Scotland, the average tem- 

 perature of the summer is too low for corn, and 

 few attempts are made to cultivate it, while in the 

 United States, it is extensively grown in all parts; 

 and in parts of the middle, and over the entire 

 south, it constitutes the chief or only source of 

 bread. There are many varieties of Indian corn. 

 In the excellent treatise on this plant of Dr. P. 

 A. Browne, of Pa., eleven kinds of yellow corn 

 are enumerated : nine kinds of white corn, ten of 

 red corn, or red cobs, two of blue corn, and (our 

 of varieties not properly classed with either of 

 these, making some thirty-five in the whole. Since 

 this treatise was written, several new varieties 

 have been noticed, among which is the singidar 

 corn called rice corn. Some of the varieties of 

 the white corn differ from each other but by 

 slight shades, and the same remark may be made 

 of the yellow. We have the present year culti- 

 vated some twenty-six varieties, most of them 

 very distinctly marked, but some of them with 

 variations very slight, and which we can hardly 

 consider permanent. This is particularly the case 

 with two or three of the small eight rowed 

 whites. Corn differs in the shape of the grain, 

 in the color, in the color of the cob, and in the 

 number of rows on the ear. Northern yellow 

 corn is considered as the most nutritive, is pre- 

 ferred in distilleries, and can be preserved longer 

 in a perfect condition than any other; but the 

 southern white is generally preferred for bread, 

 or rather for the hot cakes, in which form it is 

 most commonly served up in Ihe south. In cul- 

 tivation, that corn is to be preferred which gives 

 the greatest weight of stalks, cobs and corn per 

 acre, where the climate is such as to ensure its 

 ripening ; hut where it is necessary that early ma- 

 turing kinds should be chosen, that variety which 

 has a large kernel and a small cob is to be pre- 

 ferred, as the cob is the last part of the ear that 

 reaches maturity, or that state of dryness in which 

 it is safe fiom mould. At the north, the Canada 

 While Flint, Toronto Yellow, Oswego Long 

 White corn. Twelve Rowed Yellow, Dutton, and 

 Brown corns are much cultivated ; while in the 

 south, tlie white and yellow Gourd Seeds, Dent 

 corn, &c. are most esteemed, and where the soil 

 is of proper richness, grow to a great size. No 

 part of the world seems so well adapted to the 

 culture of corn as the Mississippi valley, and the 

 quantity already produced is almost incredible. 

 It is cultivated with so much ease, the labor re- 

 qtiired is so trifling, and the product per acre so 

 great, that it will in some way constitute the 

 great staple of the west. — Cultivator. 



Krom the Albany Cultivator. 

 Winter Butter. 



Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker: — The difficulty 

 of churning and making butter in the winter, is 

 well known to all dairy women. Besides the 

 difficulty of converting the cream into butter, it 

 is very light colored, crumbly, tasteless, and gen- 

 erally considered unfit for the table. This is 

 usually attributed to the manner in which the 

 cows are kept, being fed ou dry food, but from 

 a series of experiments I have lately instituted, 

 I am convinced it is more from the management 

 of the milk than from any other cause. I am 

 aware that the milk of cows, at this season of 

 the year, is not as rich, nor so flush in quantity, 

 as when in posture, on good grass in June; still 

 I am well convinced from the experiments I have 

 lately made, much more cream can be obtained, 

 and of a much superior quality, by the " hot wa- 

 ter bath" process, than any other method I am 

 acquainted with. 



From Mr. Merrifield's success in obtaining the 

 society's second premium, and from some exper- 

 iments tried in England, I was induced to cause 

 some experiments lo be tried iii my dairy. 



In the statement of Mr. Merrifield, he says— 

 "In winter our milk stands twelve hours; is 

 then removed to the stove and scalded over a 

 slow fire to near boiling heat ; the pans removed 

 to the cellar to cool, the cream only churned." 

 The juocess of extracting cream from milk, 

 adopted in the county of iievoiishire, England, 

 by which a superior richness is produced in the 

 cieam, had long been kuuwn by the name of 

 " clotted" or " clouded cream." They use a four- 



