184 



GENESEE FARMER. 



Aug. 



A represents the 

 spring or fountain, 

 the surface of the 

 water in which wfs 

 of about the same 

 level as the bottom 

 of the cistern, B. 

 The main pipe, 

 from A to the cock 

 at the end of C was 

 nearly six hundred 

 feet in length, and 

 one anda half inch 

 bore. The cock 

 was 16 feet below 

 A, and furnished 

 water for the kitch- 

 en, &c- When 

 opened, the liquid 

 column in A C 

 was put in motion, 

 and acquired a ve- 

 locity due to a fall 

 of 16 feet, and as 

 goon as the cock 

 was shut, the mo- 

 Jnentum of this 

 long column open- 

 ed the valve, upon 

 which part of the 

 water rushed into the air vessel and up the verti- 

 cal pipe into B. This effect took place every 

 lime the cock was used ; and as water was drawn 

 from it at short intei-vals, for household purpo- 

 ses, " from morning till night, all the days in the 

 year," an abundance was raised into B, without 

 any exertion or expense. 



Such was the first water ram. As an original 

 device, it is highly honorable to the sagacity and 

 ingenuity of its author; and the introduction of 

 an air-vessel, without which an apparatus of the 

 kind could never be made durable, strengthens 

 his claims to our regard. In this machine he 

 has shown that the mere act of drawing water 

 from long tubes, for ordinary purposes, may 

 serve to raise a portion of their contents to a 

 higher level; an object that does not appear to 

 have been previously attempted, or even thought 

 of. Notwithstanding the advantages derived 

 from such an apparatus, under circumstances 

 familiar to those indicated by the figure, it does 

 not appear to have elicited the attention of en- 

 gineers; nor does Whitehurst himself seem to 

 have been aware of its adaptation as a substitute 

 for forcing pumps, in locations wliere the water 

 drawn from the cock was not required, or could 

 not be used. 



[To be continued.'\ 



Taxes for the support of schools are like 

 vapors, which rise only to descend again to 

 beautify and fertilize the earth. 



The Fanner. 



His Position, Eesponsibilities., 

 and Duties. 



NUMBER NINE. 



I pnoMiSED in this article \o spea\<. o{ t fie Press 

 and its infiuence in the elevation of Agriculture, 



It is diflicult to comprehend the power of the 

 Press, and still more difficult to determine what 

 the condition of the world would have been at 

 the present time, had the art of printing never 

 been discovered and perfected. It would seem 

 hardly possible for the present advance in any 

 of the industrial or liberal arts, without it — and 

 sure I am that it is an indispensable ingredient 

 or power in advancing and perfecting any in- 

 terest in a country where the masses require to 

 be enlightened. I grant that the earth would 

 yield her fruits without books or newspapers ; 

 but while I concede that grain would grow, 

 however destitute of learning or intelligence, he 

 who plows and sows might be. I cannot for a 

 moment admit that it is possible for any calling 

 or interest to flourish or advance to any great 

 extent where the operative is without the means 

 of knowledge. The slave may toil, like the ok, 

 at the bidding of his master, but all experience 

 in this and every land proves that such labor is 

 after all most expensive and least productive, — 

 and it is of course not to be tolerated in a state of 

 society where equality is aimed at, and caste and 

 class repudiated. The intelligent, well-inform- 

 ed man, be he proprietor or laborer, can never 

 be made a slave nor a serf. With the spread of 

 intelligence is the advance of personal indepen- 

 dence, and with knowledge comes manly pride, 

 which will not brook or submit to slavish bond- 

 age or degrading servitude. Hence the impor- 

 tance, to a free people, of the Press, and of its 

 freedom. 



A moment's recurrence to the past is the best 

 commentary which we can make on the power 

 and importance of the art of printing. Since its 

 invention and general application to the printing 

 of books and newspapers, the advance of man in 

 civilization has been truly wonderful. More 

 has been accomplished within a century than for 

 ages on ages before — greater advances in sci- 

 ences and in all the arts, and greater improve- 

 ments in every branch of trade aiid every de- 

 partment of life since the printing of books, 

 newspapers, tfec, than in all time before. And 

 there is little doubt that type, with their impress 

 on paper, has been one of the chief agents and 

 instruments in this rapid march onward towards 

 perfection. 



But this art, like nearly every other, shed its 

 light upon almost every other calling and pro- 

 fession before reaching that of Agriculture. — 

 The sun's rays first strike the barren mountain 

 top, before it reaches the rich and fertile valleys, 

 and first glimmer amid the foilage of the trees 



