280 



GENESEE FARMER. 



Dec. 



raised than the fall of the driving power ; then 

 the adding an to the number and dividing by 7, 

 you can ascertain the number of gallons that will 

 be required to force up a single gallon of water. 



Second, "measure the amount of water dis- 

 charged by the stream in a given time. Ascer- 

 tain the greatest amount of head or fall that can 

 be obtained, and the elevation to which the wa- 

 ter is to be raised. Then divide the elevation 

 by the head or fall, and the amount of water by 

 the quotient. Deduct 30 per cent, from this re- 

 sult and it will give the amount delivered in the 

 given time. For example, suppose an elevation 

 of sixty feet, with a fall of five feet. The supply 

 four gallons per minute, or five thousand seven 

 hundred and sixty gallons per day. 



Then 5)60= 12; then 12—5760=480; de- 

 duct 30 per cent., which leaves 336 gallons per 

 day. 



If the machine is properly made and put up, 

 it is said this rule may be depended on." 



_ In a letter from Mr. Birkinbine, we are ad- 

 vised that one of his rams is now in operation, 

 rising with a two-inch supply pipe B, over five 

 thousand gallons of water per day, thirty feet high. 



The simplicity of the machine and its opera- 

 tion, proves its effectiveness as well as its dura- 

 bility, and shows the very small amount of atten- 

 tion and repairs it will require to keep it in order. 

 The ram and pipes should of course be laid under 

 ground, beyond the reach of frost. 



The very small expense of a ram, and pipes 

 necessary to work it, being in most cases less 

 than that of a wheel and pump, are strong induce- 

 ments to adopt it in preference. 



Removing Sheep Manure. 



Mr. Editor : — Having been a highly inter- 

 ested reader as well as a subscriber to the "Farm- 

 er," for several years, I am bold to say that its 

 contents of truth and undeniable good sense have 

 satisfied me beyond a doubt that I have not "paid 

 too much for my whistle." Frequently the 

 knowledge of some simple fact alone, from the 

 pen of a practical farmer, has proved of such par- 

 amount importance to my success, that I am sure 

 my fifty cents have been replaced tenfold. 



Permit me through your paper to make known 

 to my brethren a convenient mode of getting out 

 sheep manure. We all know that that kind of 

 manure is so dry, hard, and crusty, generally, 

 that it is more difficult forking and pulling apart 

 than any other. When ready to commence load- 

 ing take an old axe that is not too dull and chop 

 parallel lines across tlie pile about one foot asun- 

 der ; then turn and cut at right angles, making 

 squares about one foot in size, which may then 

 be peeled oft' at any desired thickness and weight, 

 according to the strength of the laborer. 



J. Dunham. 



Etna, Tomp. Co., N. Y., 1847. 



Saving and Application of Manure. 



Mr. Editor : — In the last nuijiber of the 

 Farmer I observed an article under the head of 

 " How should manure be applied to land," which 

 is pronounced a new theory. Perhaps Mr. Un- 

 derhill's theory may be new with many, at 

 least scientifically ; but it is by no means an un- 

 tried theory in this Western New York among 

 practical farmers. The old theory that manures 

 lose their properties by leaching and running 

 deep into the earth, especially in our good wheat 

 soils, has always looked to me to be incorrect, 

 and one which my experience has fully proved 

 to be so. In all of our good wheat lands the sub- 

 soil contains so large a portion of clay that water 

 is very slow to penetrate it, while the gasses and 

 salts imparted t»y fermentation of manures are 

 always rising to the surface. There is perhaps 

 no branch of farming which is more injudicious- 

 ly managed than the saving and application of 

 manures, and certainly there is no one thing so 

 vastly important to the farmer's prosperity as 

 that of manuring and keeping the soil rich. 



Every farmer has, or at least should have, a 

 theory or system which he follows in all his op- 

 erations in business; and being myself desirous 

 always of hearing and learning the views and 

 practices of others who follow the same calling 

 as myself, I take the liberty of giving to you my 

 theory and experience in the use of farm ma- 

 nure. In the first place my theory is, that yard 

 manure should be covered deep in the soil that 

 the gases which arise from it while fermenting 

 and decomposing may be incorporated in the 

 soil, and taken up by the roots of plants. In the 

 next place, that coarse manures lose half their 

 value by lying in the heap till thoroughly de- 

 composed ; and next, that the soil is capable of 

 producing a crop annually, without diminution, 

 provided we restore to it the like properties which 

 the crop requires in its production. We are all 

 aware that the straw of wheat in this wheat sec- 

 tion forms the principal heap in the farm yard. 

 I have annually in my yard the straw of about 

 fifteen hundred bushels of wheat, which I put in 

 a snug stack at the time of threshing. In winter 

 I allow my cattle, hogs, &c., to run to the stack 

 at pleasure. In December I commence demol- 

 ishing the stack by cutting off a slice and scatter- 

 ing it around the yard — following it up about 

 twice a week, in proportions to get it all under 

 foot about the middle of March. In this way my 

 stock have always a dry yard, and need no other 

 protection than open sheds to shelter them from 

 storms. 



My corn stalks are cut fine in a machine by 

 horse power and fed in troughs, sparingly, through 

 the winter — which, together with the straw stack, 

 keeps my stock in good condition through the 

 winter till warm weather begins, when a little 

 hay carries them through in fine condition. My 



