f848. 



GENESEE FARMER. 



These analyses are not minute enough to show 

 the small portion of sulphuric and phosphoric 

 acids, and chlorine which the rocks contain. 



Soils in the neighborhood of granitic and syen- 

 :ic mountains usually lack the salts of lime, soda, 

 potash, and magnesia, in a peculiar degree. — 

 They are dissolved and borne into the ocean to 

 render that salt, and to aid in building up such 

 manKe aqueous rocks as the limestones and shales 

 in the rich valleys of the Genesee, Ohio, Wa- 

 bash, Illinois, and Missouri. 



Look out for a soil formed of rocks which had 

 their origin in the bed of an ocean or lake that 

 abounded, as all such waters do, in myriads of 

 living animals and plants, the remains of which 

 you can see in all unchanged marine and lacus- 

 trine formations. The bottom of old ocean is ever 

 rich in most fertilizing materials, not unlike guano 

 — the well known dung of sea-birds. Wherever 

 Providence elevates lands from the depths of 

 the sea into islands and continents, and hardly 

 breaks the crust of sedimentary rocks, or pre- 

 serves these on the exposed surface of the earth, 

 there look for choice farming lands. But where 

 rocks are forced up from the fiery regions of old 

 Pluto, having been melted and crystallized like 

 glass, keep an eye out for thin, poor soils which 

 need a constant stream of manure on them. 



There are interesting beds of green sand and 

 cretaceous marl in Georgia that possess valuable 

 agricultural properties. I will speak of these at 

 another time, and of stock raising, and doing 

 business among the gold mines of this State. 



Ashes — Manure — The Wire-Worm. 



Dr. Lek — Dear Sir : Will you he so kind as to answer 

 the following inquiries in regard to Manures : Is it cheaper 

 to sell j/Hleached ashes at one shilling per bushel, ami buy 

 leached ashes for two shillings per load ? How would you 

 manure land consisting of a deep, black mucky loam ? 



I have some 3 acres of land in this village, for which I 

 paid $100 per acre. It is a rich black loam (intervale.) 

 Et has been much troubled with wire-worms for tlie last two 

 reasons, and 1 have tried every experiment to get rid of 

 them. If I have no better way 1 shall try hog manure, and 

 nut it in the hill ; but it is difificult to get it in siifficieni 

 quantities. Some of my neighbors having tried it, have 

 been amply rewarded for their trouble. 



Very respectfully, Lucius P. Clark. 



Brookfield. N. Y., Jan. 1848. 



Rem.'VRKs. — It would be better to sellunleached 

 ashes at 12* cents a bushel, and buy leached 

 ones at 25 cents a load, if you had but a short 

 distance to haul the latter. 



Keeping land constantly under the plow will 

 soon run out the wire-worm. If we had such a 

 bit of land (and we regret that we have not,) 

 we should try to raise 80 bushels of corn on 

 one acre, 300 of potatoes on another, and any 

 quantity of onions, beets, cabbage, peas and 

 beans on the third. We should apply on one 

 acre ten bushels of lime and five of salt, which 

 would aid in killing the worms, and be likely to 

 benefit much our crop. On another we would 

 gladly apply hog manure, mixing a little gypsum 

 with it to fix the ammonia. On the third acre 



ten bushels of good ashes, with a few loads of 

 night soil or any other manure, should be ap- 

 plied. Plow deep and fine, and permit noth- 

 ing but your crops to grow. Take great pains 

 to catch and kill the worms after the corn is 

 planted and begins to come up. 



Crowell's Thermometer Charn, 



Op all the patent Churns we have examined, 

 we give this a decided preference. The prin- 

 ciple is undoubtedly correct — and the testimony 

 of those who have long used the churn proves 

 that it works well practically. The annexed 

 engraving, and extract from the proprietor's 

 directions for using this Churn, will give the 

 reader an idea of its merits : 



CroweWs Patent Thermometer Cham. (Fig. 17.) 



" The part that contains the milk or cream to 

 be churned should be managed as in other churns, 

 by putting in water before the cream is put in ; 

 if cold weather, warm water ; if warm weather, 

 cold water. If the milk or cream is not the 

 right degree of heat when put into the churn, 

 which you can ascertain by the thermometer (a) 

 which is placed under the plate on the end of 

 the churn, which is marked at 62 degrees; if 

 too warm it will stand above it, if too cold below 

 the 62 degrees marked ; if too warm apply cold 

 water ; if too cold, warm water, in the chamber, 

 or space below the cream, by means of a tunnel 

 (5) at the side of the churn, which will readily 

 bring it to the right degree of heat ; if it becomes 

 too warm or too cold after the application of the 

 water, draw off a part or the whole of it, by means 

 of a tube in the bottom of the chamber." 



The patentee has received a diploma from the 

 N. Y. State Agricultural Society, and also the 

 first premium and a diploma from the American 

 Institute. We understand that Messrs. Rug- 

 GLEs, NouRSE & Mason, of Boston, are manu- 

 facturing a large number of these Churns. 

 They are also being introduced into Western 

 New York, in the principal towns of which we 

 presume they may soon be obtained. The own- 

 ers of the patent right (Mes;^rs. A. &c Wm. A. 

 Crowell,) reside at Lyme Rock, Conn. 



