18 53. 



NEW KNGLAND FARMER. 



309 



be useful to all such as had, like myself, unprofit- 

 ably made its aa/uainiance. There are probably 

 more of the family of borers than I have enumer- 

 ated, but the last two produce the greatest injury, 

 and especially the last one, which is the scourge 

 of all our orchards and has by way of eminence, 

 been called The Borer. Its similarity to the peach 

 tree borer is that the head of each is of the same 

 color, as is also both the color and length of the 

 body ; but the dissimilarity is so striking, that a 

 person of common observation would never mis- 

 take the one from the other. The head of the 

 peach tree borer is rounder, resembling the head 

 of the grey corn worm, or cut worm, while the 

 head of the apple tree borer is small, protruding in 

 a sharpish point from the body, which is thickest 

 and largest and rather flattened where the head 

 projects forth ; the last is also more tapering to- 

 wards the tail, and is entirely without legs or 

 points upon which it walks, while the peach tree 

 borer is furnished with sixteen pairs of points which 

 serve it as legs. 



The insect, which is the highest form of its ex- 

 istence, is still more dissimilar than is the worm. 

 That producing the peach tree borer resembles a 

 wasp, of a steel blue color, while that producing 

 the apple tree borer is a beetle, striped with light 

 brown and white. I have thus given an explana- 

 •tion or a key, to my former communication, which 

 I hope may unlock some truth or lead to some 

 action in arresting the progress of this destructive 

 insect ; for a beautiful, a healthy and productive 

 orchard, is next in the scale of man's happiness, 

 to a good, a virtuous, and an intelligent wife. 



Yours, Richard C. Stone. 

 Sherburne, May 18, 1853. 



been removed formed a ditch twelve inches deep 

 and eighteen inches wide ; so that with such a 

 plow, and a strong and steady team, a great 

 amount of ditching might be accomplished in a 

 day by passing through the furrow-trough a second 

 time with a smaller plow, constructed in such a 

 manner as to throw a considerable portion of the 

 earth to the surface. 



Mr. Whipple's opinion is, that we should not 

 wait to accumulate large quantities of manures be- 

 fore "breaking up;" and particularly in regard to 

 old pastures. His practice is to turn the sward 

 under twelve inches, roll, then thoroughly pulver- 

 ize with plow, cultivator or harrow, until the whole 

 is reduced to a fine tilth . On passing over a field 

 just treated in this manner, we found it somewhat 

 difficult to find the graSs, so deep, and compactly 

 had it been placed away. 



A strong evidence of the benefit of deep plowing 

 was afforded in the mass of grass roots which were 

 found on the inverted furrow ; they had penetrated 

 lower, even, than the twelve inches turned up, 

 and were exceedingly numerous. In such a soil 

 a drought, unless very 8evere,would scarcely affect 

 the crop. 



We believe all were gratified who beheld the 

 exhibition, and will be induced to recommend to 

 others the practice under which Mr. Whipple has 

 been so successful. 



A DAY WITH THE "GREAT PLOW." 



Oliver M. Whipple, Esq., of Lowell has long 

 been an advocate for deep ploicing, 



"And, strange (o tell, hus practiced what he preached." 



On Friday, the 21st May, we had the pleasure 

 of witnessing his operations in the company of sev- 

 eral gentlemen, two or three of whom were plow 

 manufacturers. Ten years ago the field had been 

 plowed twelve inches deep, manured, planted, 

 well cultivated one or two seasons, and laid down 

 to grass. For two or three years a heavy crop of 

 grass was cut, which decreased in amount until 

 the last season when about a ton to the acre was 

 obtained. The soil is a sandy loam, and when 

 turned up ten years ago was yellow, with the ex- 

 ception of two or three inches on the surface. On 

 turning it over now, eight inches was found to be 

 a fine, black, and apparently rich soil. 



The plow used was one of Ruggles, Nocrse, Ma- 

 BON & Co.'s Eagle, 77. It cut a furrow twelve 

 inches deep, and occasionally where every thing 

 was favorable, thirteen inches, and eighteen inches 

 wide, laying it over in an angling position, so as 

 to hide all the grass, and leaving a ridge of broken, 

 loose soil, more than ten inches in depth. Here 

 was an opportunity for the roots of plants to ram- 

 ble, luxuriate and feed, that we never saw sur- 

 Each place from which a furrow had 



Aberdeenshire ox, 

 Short horned ox, 

 Short horned heifer, 

 Short horned steer, 



LIVE AND DEAD WEIGHT OF OATTLE. 



Salesmen commonly calculate that the dead 

 weight is one-half of what the animal weighs when 

 alive; but the butcher knows that the produce is 

 greater ; it often approaches to three-fifths ; and by 

 an extensive stock bailiff of the late Mr. Curwen, 

 it was found that the dead weight amounted to 

 fifty-five per cent, of the live. But^'Jie amount 

 differs strangely, as may be seen by t.^g!_ following 

 statement of Mr. Ferguson, of Woe^^jjj,'^ Canada 

 West: '-i'--' 



Live Weisht. Dead Weight. Tallow. 



St. Lbs. St. Lbs. St. Lbs. 



132 11 84 6 16 5 



132 90 1 14 



120 4 77 9 15 8 



120 5 67 7 14 12 



British Husbandry, vol. 1, p. 392. 



The subject of live and dead weight of cattle be- 

 ing one that deeply interests farmers, we again 

 call attention to the subject, in the hope that it 

 may awaken inquiry, as to the question what 

 should be the rule of paying the farmer, for beef 

 he may have grown ? It costs him quite as much 

 to grow hide and tallow, as it does muscle or flesh, 

 and we should like to know, why he should not be 

 paid for so doing 1— /•"(/. Am. Farmer. 



In continuation of this subject, we make the fol- 

 lowing extracts from Colman's Massachusetts Re- 

 port : , , 



"In New York, only four quarters are made by 

 the slaughterer, and the hide and tallow are not 

 reckoned in the price : facts which are to be re- 

 membered in making comparisons of prices in the 

 different markets." , c ,- j 



"The following are some examples ot live and 



