76 THE HORSE, ASS, AND MULE 



relationship of Norfolk-Hackney blood in building up the French 

 Coach, and the French have not been backward in using the 

 Hackney for crossbreeding. In America Hackney stallions have 

 been used in a limited way in the more eastern states. The late 

 Henry Fairfax of Virginia used Hackney stallions on common 

 farm mares with much success, and grades of this breeding 

 have been successfully exhibited. Some years ago the late 

 John A. Logan, Jr., had an extensive Hackney stud at Youngs- 

 town, Ohio, where he had about fifty racing mares of different 

 blood lines. Crossing these with a Hackney stallion, he secured 

 very satisfactory results. Philip Baker, in an article on the Hack- 

 ney in war time, 1 in which he discusses the influence of cross- 

 breeding to secure substance, states that the Hackney on the 

 Thoroughbred, "when the mating is undertaken with discretion,'' 

 produces offspring that is generally active, handsome, and pos- 

 sessed of a good back, barrel, legs, and feet, and, last but not 

 least, is sound in wind and eyesight. These good-tempered horses 

 can either carry a heavy weight or draw a load, or both. 



Imitation Hackneys in the past have had some sale, especially 

 in America. High-acting trotters of the right conformation have 

 been fixed by professionals to bear a close resemblance to true 

 Hackneys. ^ Dr. A. G. Hopkins, in a letter to Captain Hayes/ 2 

 conveys to him the methods in vogue. He writes : 



During a winter's stay in Chicago, where I did post-graduate work with 

 Dr. M. H. McKillip, who is the leading veterinarian in that city, I helped in 

 several of these operations. Standard-bred stallions, often with marks of from 

 2:40 to 2:25, are procured and castrated. Later on they are docked and their 

 tails set up by nicking, and when they get great growth of foot and plenty of 

 iron, they can pull their knees up to their chins. The Anglomaniac gets caught, 

 for he knows nothing about horses. The imitation Hackney seldom bends his 

 hocks properly, and when he is pushed he often spraddles, as the trotter does 

 in the sulky. 



The distribution of the Hackney is more widespread than that 

 of any other coach-horse breed. It is generally found in the east- 

 ern and north central United States Pennsylvania, New York, 

 Massachusetts, and Illinois being breeding centers. It is also 



1 Live Stock Journal Almanac, 1917, London. 

 - The Points of the Horse, p. 568. 



