THE HEREFORD 



277 



in the Gammon foundation stock, and known as double standard. 

 As in the case of other breeds of similar ancestry, the double- 

 standard breeding steadily grew in favor, finally completely over- 

 shadowing the single-standard. 



The promotion of Polled Hereford cattle through a breeding 

 association first took place in 1900, when the American Polled 

 Hereford Cattle Club was organized at Des Moines, Iowa. Pro- 

 vision was made to register and transfer both single- and double- 

 standard cattle. In 1907 this club was reorganized, under the 

 name of the American 

 Polled Hereford Breeders' 

 Association, and separate 

 herdbooks were provided 

 for single- and double- 

 standard bred cattle. At 

 the time of reorganization 

 the association had but five 

 members, but this number 

 had increased in 1918 to 

 988. In 1902 a National 

 Polled Hereford Breeders' 

 Association was organized 



FIG. 115. Head of Emperor 8874 (763715), a 



in Kansas, but in 1911 a Polled Hereford bull in the herd of J. E. Green 

 Consolidation was effected of Indiana. A fine type. 



between this and the 



American, continuing under the name of the latter. A herdbook 

 is maintained by the association, and up to 1917 three volumes 

 had been published containing 11,200 registrations. 



The distribution of Polled Herefords is widespread. During 

 the period from 1901 to 1918 the number of these cattle has 

 increased up to about 20,000, distributed in forty-four states of 

 the Union, with Iowa as the central point of importance. Early 

 in 1918 there were 4300 Polled Hereford herds on record, and 

 more than 1000 were established in 1918. In 1917 there were 

 registered 2725 double-standard animals. 



Prices paid for Polled Herefords have reached high levels. 

 Prices from $500 to $700 ten years ago were regarded as satis- 

 factory, but with the opening of 1918 the influence of higher 



