302 CATTLE 



notably in Ayr and Dumfries, and as the polled cattle were not 

 essentially good dairy producers the people neglected them and 

 turned to dairy stock, especially Ayrshires. In general Galloways 

 suffered severely from neglect, and the number sensibly diminished 

 all over the district. A few men, however, clung to the breed 

 in its purity and worked for its improvement, notably the Duke 

 of Buccleuch, James Graham, and the Messrs. Shennan. In 1851 

 a step forward was taken by establishing an annual Galloway bull 

 sale at Lockerbie, and soon after another was established at Castle 

 Douglas. In 1862 the Herdbook Society was organized, but it is 

 said that active interest in the Galloway was not renewed until 

 about 1877. 



The introduction of the Galloway to America occurred long ago, 

 though just when is uncertain. Polled cattle came to this country 

 in some of the early importations. L. F. Allen states that in 

 1837 he saw a very fine black polled Galloway cow at the General 

 Hospital in Philadelphia, but he did not ascertain how she came 

 there. In 1853 Graham Brothers of Vaughan, Ontario, made the 

 first importation to Canada, though L. F. Allen thinks they were 

 brought to the vicinity of Toronto about 1850. In 1857 Allen 

 saw upwards of forty of the breed at a show at Brantford, and 

 later saw them elsewhere in Canada. In 1861 Thomas McCrae 

 of Guelph, Ontario, made his first importation and did much to 

 promote the breed. The first Galloways to reach the United 

 States are said to have been brought to Michigan in 1870. In 

 1880 the editor of the National Live Stock Journal, in reply to 

 an inquiry, stated that he could give no addresses of polled-cattle 

 breeders in the United States having cattle for sale, saying that 

 they were very rare. Along in the eighties Galloways were owned 

 by S. P. Clarke of Dover and I. H. Norris of Lamoille, Illinois. 

 In 1885 M. H. Platt of Kansas City, Missouri, exhibited Gallo- 

 ways at the Cotton States Exposition at New Orleans. 



The characteristics of the Galloway. This breed in general 

 appearance is short of leg and close to the ground, is polled, black 

 of color, has very thick long hair (especially in winter), and is 

 somewhat longer of body and flatter of rib than the Aberdeen- 

 Angus. Without going into general details certain features of 

 the breed demand special consideration. The head in a good 



