362 CATTLE 



of type were anything but attractive ; in fact, a ring of a dozen 

 aged bulls of the breed will no doubt show more variation in 

 form than will an equal number of males of any other breed. 

 In general appearance animals of the breed are large, often have 

 great udders and milk veins, are black and white in color, and 

 show remarkable milk-producing capacity. The head is usually 

 lean, tends to be somewhat long, with straight nose and dark 

 mottled or flesh-colored muzzle, is wide between the eyes, and 

 carries a white horn usually black tipped. The horns should be 

 short, gradually taper, and curve out forward and inward and 

 slightly upward. A coarse horn is not common. The neck of 

 the male is usually rather large, with a distinct arch, while that 

 of the female is moderately slender. The shoulder is frequently 

 heavy and prominent, with withers of moderate thickness, being 

 neither fine nor thick. The body is large with long, well-sprung 

 ribs, showing great feeding capacity. The hips are often prom- 

 inent, the rump long and often more or less steep. The thighs 

 incline to be somewhat thick, with more quarter than obtains 

 with other dairy breeds. The udder is frequently very large, 

 and with maturity shows a pendant form after the shape of a 

 letter U, with the teats placed at the corners. With this form 

 the fore udder lacks extension. The discriminating breeder is 

 seeking more and more to produce an udder with ideal front 

 development that holds up close to the belly and is not unduly 

 pendant. The milk veins average large, but are not longer 

 or more tortuous than in other breeds. In quality the Holstein- 

 Friesian is too frequently deficient, as shown in coarse hair, 

 large joints, and thick skin lacking in mellowness. 



The color of the Holstein-Friesian is almost universally black 

 and white in patches, varying in degree, however, some animals 

 being mostly white and others largely black. At the present 

 time a preponderance of white is most popular, and occasionally 

 one will see animals entirely white excepting for very slight 

 black spots. White by many is considered an evidence of quality. 

 DeKol 2d, imported in 1885, noted as one of the early great 

 butter-fat producing dams of the breed, was largely white, and 

 through her sons, and especially Hengerveld DeKol, white has 

 undoubtedly become more of a feature than formerly. Red and 



