THE POLAND-CHINA 723 



The Irish Grazier as a factor in Poland-China history was 



introduced into Warren County by William Neff of Cincinnati, 

 who imported from Ireland in the fall of 1839. This was a 

 white, thinly-haired hog, varying somewhat in size and type. The 

 Neff stock had an erect ear, a long body with superior back, 

 excellent legs, and very fine hams. For several years Irish Grazier 

 blood was mingled with the Miami valley mixture, but the pure- 

 bred stock soon became extinct ; not, however, until it had assisted 

 in the improvement of the Warren County hog. Mr. Cephas 

 Holloway, who from 1813 for very many years lived in the 

 Shaker community at Union Village, stated that " the two breeds 

 the Berkshires and Irish Graziers were extensively used in 

 making crosses by our best breeders of swine in Warren, Butler, 

 Hamilton, Clinton, and Montgomery counties." In 1871 Mr.Tytus, 

 an extensive pork packer from 1836 to 1860, said that the Warren 

 County breed was greatly improved by crossing with the Berkshire 

 and Irish Grazier. From 1845, at least, up to the present time 

 it is claimed that no foreign blood has been used in the develop- 

 ment of the Warren County pig, or what later became known as 

 the Poland-China. 



The adoption of the name " Poland-China " has an important 

 history. The name " Poland " or " Poland and China " had been 

 given to herds of Miami valley pigs by certain breeders as early 

 as along in the sixties. Mr. Ayers McCreary and Mr. D. M. 

 Magie claimed that their pigs were a combination of Poland and 

 Big China blood. Mr. A. C. Moore of Illinois, who formerly 

 lived in Ohio, also termed his pigs Poland and Chinas. These 

 men in particular, and some others, claimed that a Poland breed 

 of pigs had been used, presumably introduced to America by 

 Polish settlers. Much controversy developed over the accuracy 

 of the claim that such a breed as Poland had ever been used 

 in Warren County. More or less investigation followed, and no 

 satisfactory evidence seemed to support the claim. Evidence was 

 secured, however, to show that in one neighborhood an individual 

 used the word " Poland " " to designate the progeny of a particular 

 animal that had been obtained from Asher Asher, who was a 

 Polander by birth and who many years ago resided for a time in 

 Butler County, some five or six miles south of Monroe." After 



