INTESTINAL JUICE. 467 



contains protein (THIRY found 8.01 p. m.), the quantity decreasing 

 with the duration of the elimination. The quantity of solids varies. 

 In dogs the quantity of solids is 12.2-24.1 p. m. and in lambs 29.85 p. m. 

 The specific gravity of the intestinal juice of the dog, according to the 

 observations of THIRY, is 1.010-1.0107, and in lambs 1.0143 (PREGL). 

 The intestinal juice from lambs contains 18.097 p. m. protein, 1.274 p. m. 

 proteoses and mucin, 2.29 p. m. urea, and 3.13 p. m. remaining organic 

 bodies. 



We have the investigations of DEMANT, TURBY and MANNING, H. 

 HAMBURGER and HEKMA and NAGANO 1 on the human intestinal juice. 

 Human intestinal juice has a low specific gravity, nearly 1.007, about 

 10-14 p. m. solids, and is strongly ' alkaline toward litmus. The con- 

 tent of alkali calculated as sodium carbonate is 2.2 p. m., according to 

 NAGANO, HAMBURGER and HEKMA, and 5.8-6.7 p. m. NaCl. The 

 determination of the freezing-point was-0.62 (HAMBURGER and HEKMA). 



The intestinal juice of the dog contains, according to BoLDYREFF, 2 

 a lipase which acts especially upon emulsified fat (milk) , and is different 

 from pancreas lipase, in that its action is not accelerated by bile. 

 The intestinal juice of animals and man also contains an enzyme, 

 erepsin, discovered by O. COHNHEIM, which does not ordinarily have 

 a splitting action upon native proteins, but upon proteoses and pep- 

 tones. It also possibly contains a nudease, and it also has a faint 

 amylolytic action. The juice, and to a high degree the mucous 

 coat, contains invertase and waltase, which fact has been substan- 

 tiated by the observations of PASCHUTIN, BROWN and HERON, BAS- 

 TIANELLI, and TEBB. S A lactose-inverting enzyme, a lactase, also occurs, 

 as shown by ROHMANN and LAPPE, PAUTZ and VOGEL, WEINLAND, 

 and ORBAN, 4 in new-born infants and young animals, and also in 

 grown mammals which were fed upon a milk diet. The lactase can be 

 obtained more abundantly from the mucosa than from the juice and 

 according to some occurs only in the cells. The claims as to the 

 occurrence of a glucoside splitting enzyme are disputed (FROUIN, OMI 5 ) . 



1 Demant, Virchow's Arch., 75; Turby and Manning, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wis- 

 senschaft, 1892, 945; Hamburger and Hekma, 1. c.; Nagano, Mitt, aus d. Grenzgeb. 

 d. Med. u. Chir., 9. 



2 Boldyreff, Archiv d. sciences biolog. de St. Pe'tersbourg, 11. 



3 Paschutin, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., 1870, 561; Brown and Heron, Annal. 

 d. Chem. u. Pharm., 204; Bastianelli, Moleschott's Untersuch. zur Naturlehre, 14 

 (this contains all the older literature). See also Miura, Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 32; Wid- 

 dicombe, Journ. of Physiol., 28; Tebb, ibid., 15. 



4 Rohmann and Lappe, Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch., 28; Pautz and Vogel, 

 Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 32, Weinland, ibid., 38; Orban, Maly's Jahresber., 29. 



5 Frouin and Thomas, Arch, internat. de Physiol., 7; Omi, Das Verhalten des 

 Salizins im tierischen Organismus. Inaug.-Dissert. Breslau, 1907. 



