PANCREATIC JUICE. 477 



rich in proteins, sometimes so rich that it coagulates like the white of 

 the egg on heating. Besides proteins, the juice also contains the three 

 above-mentioned enzymes (or their zymogens), amylopsin, perhaps also 

 maltase, trypsin, steapsin, also an enzyme similar to erepsin, and besides 

 these a rennin, which was first observed by KUHNE. Besides the above- 

 mentioned bodies the pancreatic juice invariably contains small quan- 

 tities of leucinCj fat, and soaps. As mineral constituents it contains 

 chiefly alkali chlorides and considerable alkali carbonate, some phos- 

 phoric acid, lime, magnesia, and iron-. 



The quantity of solids in the pancreatic juice of the dog varies, as 

 found by MAZURKIEWICZ, BABKINE and SAWITSCH/ according to the 

 rapidity of secretion and the kind of excitant. As a rule the amount 

 of solids is in inverse proportion to the rapidity of secretion. The juice 

 secreted after the action of acids has the lowest amount of solids, 9-37.4 

 p. m. The juice after taking food is more concentrated, about 60-70 

 p. m. and that after vagus stimulation often contains 90 p. m. solids. 

 The juice analyzed by C. SCHMIDT 2 from a temporary fistula contained 

 99-116 p. m. solids. The quantity of mineral bodies was 8.8 p. m. 



The mineral constituents consisted chiefly of NaCl, 7.4 p. m., which is remark- 

 able because the juice contains such a large amount of alkali carbonate. In the 

 juice examined by DE ZILWA 3 the quantity of alkali in the secretin juice was 

 5-7.9 p. m. and in the pilocarpin juice 2.9-5.3 p. m. Na 2 C0 3 . 



In the pancreatic juice of rabbits 11-26 p. m. solids have been found, and 

 in that from sheep 14.3-36.9 p. m. In the pancreatic juice of the horse 9-15.5 

 p. m. solids have been found; in that of the pigeon, 12-14 p. m. 



The human physiological pancreatic secretion from a fistula has been 

 investigated by GLAESSNER. 4 The secretion was clear, foamed readily, 

 had a strong alkaline reaction even toward phenolphthalein, and con- 

 tained globulin and albumin but no proteoses and peptones. The specific 

 gravity was 1.0075 and the freezing-point depression was A= 0.46-0.49. 

 The solids were 12.44-12.71 p. m., the total protein 1.28-1.74 p. m., and the 

 mineral bodies 5.66-6.98 p. m. The secretion contained trypsinogen, 

 which was activated by the intestinal juice. Diastase and lipase were 

 present; inverting enzymes, on the contrary, were not. The daily 

 quantity of juice was 500-800 cc. The quantity of secretion, of ferments, 

 and of alkalinity was lowest in starvation, but soon rose with the taking 

 of food, and reached its maximum in about four hours. 



1 Mazurkiewicz, 1. c.; Babkine and Sawitsch, Zeitschr. f. physiol Chem., 56. 



2 Cited from Maly in Hermann's Handbuch der Physiol., 5, Theil II, 189. 



3 Journ. of Physiol., 31. 



4 Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 40. See also Ellinger and Kohn, ibid., 45, and the 

 investigations upon cystic fluids from the pancreas by Schumm, ibid., 36, and Murray 

 and Gies, American Medicine, 4, 1902. 



