HUMAN COLOSTRUM. C31 



to 1 of soda). By the addition of salt to the food, the quantity of 

 sodium and chlorine in the milk increases, while the quantity of potas- 

 sium decreases. DE LANGE found more Na than K in the milk at the 

 beginning of lactation. JOLLES and FRIEDJUNG found on an average 

 5.9 milligrams of iron per liter of woman's milk. CAMERER and SOLDNER l 

 find about the same amount, namely, 10-20 milligrams Fe2O 3 = 3.5-7 

 milligrams iron in 1000 grams human milk. 



The gases of woman's milk have been investigated by KiiLZ. 2 He 

 found 1.07-1.44 cc. of oxygen, 2.35-2.87 cc. of carbon dioxide, and 3.37- 

 3.81 cc. of nitrogen in 100 cc. of milk. 



The proper treatment of cow's milk by diluting it with water and by 

 certain additions in order to render it a proper substitute for woman's 

 milk in the nourishment of children cannot be determined before the dif- 

 ference in the protein bodies of these two kinds of milk has been completely 

 studied. 



The colostrum has a higher specific gravity, 1.040-1.060, a greater 

 quantity of coagulable proteins, and a deeper yellow color than ordinary 

 woman's milk. Even a few days after delivery the color becomes less 

 yellow, the quantity of albumin less, and the number of colostrum-cor- 

 puscles diminishes. 



We have the older analyses of CLEMM 3 and the recent investigations 

 of PFEIFFER, V. and J. ADRIANCE, CAMERER and SOLDNER on the changes 

 in the composition of milk after delivery. It follows, as a unanimous result 

 from these investigations, that the quantity of protein, which amounts 

 to more the first two days, sometimes to more than 30 p. m. at first, 

 rather quickly and then more generally diminishes as long as the lactation 

 continues, so that in the third week it equals about 10-18 p. m. Like 

 the protein substances, the mineral bodies also gradually decrease. The 

 quantity of fat shows no regular or constant variation during lactation, 

 while the lactose, especially according to the observations of V. and J. 

 ADRIANCE (120 analyses), increases rather quickly the first days and then 

 only slowly until the end of lactation. The analyses of PFEIFFER, CAM- 

 ERER and SOLDNER also show an increase in the quantity of milk-sugar. 



The two mammary glands of the same woman may yield somewhat different 

 milk, as shown by SOURDAT and later by BRUNNER.* Likewise the different 

 portions of milk from the same milking may have varying composition. The 

 first portions are always poorer in fat. 



According to L/HERITIER and to VERNOIS and BECQUEREL, the milk of blondes 



1 De Lange, Maly's Jahresber., 27; Jolles and Friedjung, Arch. f. exp. Path. u. 

 Pharm., 46; Camerer and Soldner, Zeitschr. f. Biologic, 46> 



2 Zeitschr. f . Biologic, 32. 



3 See Hoppe-Seyler, Physiol. Chem., 734. 



4 Sourdat, Compt. rend., 71; Brunner, Pfliiger's Arch., 7. 



