200 CATTLE 



markings of the Shorthorn ; (3) they must have not less than 

 87 1 per cent of Shorthorn blood in 1893, at least 93! per cent 

 after 1896, and fully 96 f per cent after 1899. Volume III of the 

 American Polled Durham Herdbook, published in 1905, con- 

 tains the by-laws of the American Polled Durham Association 

 as adopted April 29, 1902. Section X, which qualifies registra- 

 tion and covers the old rule, is as follows : 



Animals to be eligible to entry in the American Polled Durham Herdbook 

 must be at least six months old ; must be naturally hornless ; must have 

 both parents recorded therein or have one parent recorded in the book and 

 the other parent recorded in the American Shorthorn Herdbook or other gen- 

 erally accepted shorthorn herdbook ; and further, must have an ancestry, 

 that are eligible, recorded in the American Polled Durham Herdbook. 



The promotion of Polled Durham 'interests is officially super- 

 vised by the American Polled Durham Breeders' Association, 

 organized at Chicago in 1889. Three volumes of the herdbook 

 have since been published up to 1906. It is to be noted in this 

 connection that breeders are seeking to produce mainly Polled 

 Durhams eligible to registration in the American Shorthorn Herd- 

 book. The greater the percentage of " double standard " Polled 

 Durhams produced the less the necessity of maintaining an inde- 

 pendent herdbook for the polled cattle of the breed. 



The distribution of Polled Durhams is fairly widespread in 

 the United States, but Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and 

 other Mississippi Valley states lead in their development. In 

 1894 Mr. J. H. Miller of Indiana exported several head to the 

 Argentine in South America, and since then has from time to 

 time made other shipments to the same country. 



The popularity of the Polled Durham is undoubtedly growing, 

 and good specimens of this type are to-day essentially equal in 

 merit with other Shorthorns, either as beef producers or as dual- 

 purpose cattle. 



The prepotency of the Polled Durham is well established, the 

 polled bulls used in Shorthorn herds, as a rule, siring offspring 

 free from horns. 



