268 CATTLE 



maintained, to the exclusion of black and white. In quality the 

 Holstein-Friesian is toafrequently deficient, as exhibited in coarse 

 hair, large joints, and thick skin lacking in mellowness. In tem- 

 perament this compares favorably with other dairy breeds. 



The size of the Holstein-Friesian places it among the largest 

 breeds of cattle. The writer for many years has recorded the 

 birth weights of calves, including six breeds. Of these the Hol- 

 stein-Friesian has produced the largest, one weighing 125 pounds 

 the day calved. Mature bulls often weigh very heavy. Kate 

 Spray's Paul De Kol, when owned by the Ohio State University, 

 attained a weight of 2600 pounds and never was fat. The bull 

 Constantyn 2040 H.H.B., when six years old, weighed 2715 

 pounds. Netherland Prince 716 H.H.B., the most famous bull 

 imported twenty-five years ago, at eight years weighed 2050 

 pounds. A reasonable and moderate weight for the aged bull 

 ranges from 1900 to 2000 pounds. Like the males, the females 

 of the breed sometimes attain great size. The cow Rosa Bonheur 

 5th 11227 weighed as high as 1850 pounds while owned by the 

 Michigan Agricultural College, while Belle Sarcastic 23039, owned 

 by the same college, weighed 1900 pounds when fat. These 

 cows, however, are extreme cases. Among noted cows of the 

 breed at maturity Pietertje2d 3273 H.H.B. weighed 1365 pounds; 

 DeKol2d734H.H.B., 1240; Pauline Paul 2199 H.HLB., 1450 ; 

 Aaggie9<Di H.H.B., 1375; Echo 121 H.H.B., 1920; and Princess 

 of Wayne 954 H.H.B., 1370. For mature cows a weight of 1250 

 to 1400 is acceptable, some families tending to weigh heavier than 

 others. The average weight of the cows five years old or over 

 recorded in the fourth volume of the advanced register is given 

 as 1262 pounds. 



Some measurements of Holstein-Friesian cows of interest are 

 published by the association promoting the breed. The average 

 measurements of cows in Vol. IV advanced registry are as follows : 



Height, perpendicular, at shoulders 51.8 in. 



Height, perpendicular, at hips 53.0 



Length of body, extreme point shoulder to point rump 64.9 

 Length of rump, front hips to extreme point rump . 21.4 



Width of hips 21.9 



Girth of heart at smallest chest circumference . . 75.6 



