ANIMAL LIFE IN GENERAL. 267 



own center as distinct from that of the Earth; 

 its body being material, is heavy and still 

 gravitates; from this point of view it has 

 two centers : one of its Unlif e and the other 

 of its Life. 



With this organized central principle of the 

 Animal is connected another characteristic: 

 sensation. The typical Animal feels in each 

 part of its organism, because this is organ- 

 ically centralized in the brain and the nerves 

 which radiate to every dot of the bodily 

 periphery (efferent), then turn around and 

 come back on a different line (afferent). The 

 general center is thus specialized into local 

 centers thousandfold, each of which is a lit- 

 tle brain with its two sets of nerves united 

 ultimately with the central brain. When one 

 of these special centers is stimulated, this 

 stimulus is at once generalized by the central 

 organ, and the entire organism participates 

 in the stimulus. The process of the one small 

 part is thus elevated into the process of whole, 

 which is the act of sensation. The single 

 member, being pricked with the point of a 

 needle, causes the entire body to feel that it 

 too is pricked; what hurts anywhere hurts 

 all over. The animal organism centralizing 

 and so universalizing each particular organ, 

 however minute, within its own periphery, 

 is sensitive, as it can sense each locality af- 



