THE FIXE SUB-FAMILY. 1 1 1 



depended on in the Middle States. We have understood 

 that it is not entirely hardy in the vicinity of London, 

 and although known in Europe since the year 1730, it is 

 not yet common in collections. 



The peculiar growth and remarkably beautiful foliage 

 of this species certainly entitle it to the regard of all our 

 cultivators, and with a small amount of care and attention 

 for a few years, we feel confident it will fully repay the 

 trouble expended upon it. 



The lumber of P. australis is as valuable as that of any 

 other pine, but in some situations the wood is so charged 

 with resin as to become in a measui'e almost valueless. In 

 a comparison between the timber of the White Pine and 

 Long-leaved Yellow Pine, that of the former is softer, 

 more free from turpentine, and generally of a larger size ; 

 whilst, on the other hand, the strong, durable planks and 

 boards manufactured from the latter are unexcelled. 



In ship-building the lumber of this pine plays a very 

 important part, and indeed is considered by some to be su- 

 perior to oak for this purpose. The Carolina floor-boards, 

 so universally preferred in all our large cities, are manu- 

 factured from this species, and in many portions of the 

 South the dwellings are constructed exclusively from this 

 lumber, which also forms the fencing material that en- 



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closes the fields. As fuel, it is poor, burning badly, with 

 a dense, black smoke, and creating but little heat. 



The chief value of this species consists in its product*, 

 which, in value, are not equalled by those of any other 

 of the family. North Carolina, for a number of years, 

 derived a large revenue from the manufacture of the 

 various products of this pine, as it not only supplied the 

 demand of our own country for turpentine, rosin, tar, 

 and pitch, but immense quantities of these were exported 

 to European and other ports. The tar being extracted 

 from the dead wood, no part of the tree in any stage is al- 

 lowed to be wasted, and the acculnulation of .sap or rosin, 



