AUTUMN (OI.OKS 



225 



different times of the year. There are spring, summer, and 

 fall societies. The knoll which is cool with grass and 

 strawberries in May may be aglow with goldenrod in 

 September. If the hank is examined in May, look for the 

 young plants which are to cover it in July and October; if 

 in September, find the dead stalks of the flora of May. 

 What succeeds the skunk cabbage, hepaticas, trilliums, 

 phlox, violets, buttercups of spring? What precedes the 

 wild sunflowers, ragweed, asters, and goldenrod of fall .' 



307. In lands which gradually rise from wel to <\r\ , 

 the societies may take the form of belts or zones. Start- 

 ing at a shore, walk back into the high land: note the 

 changes in the flora. Three zones are shown in Pig. 380. 



.')(!S. To a large extent the color of the landscape is 

 determined by the character of the planl societies. Ever- 

 green societies remain green, bul the shade of green varies 

 from season to sea- 

 son: it is bright 

 and sofl in spring, 

 becomes dull in 

 midsummer and 

 fall, and usually 

 assumes a dull \ el- 

 low- green in win- 

 ter. Deciduous 

 societies varj re- 

 markably in color 

 from the dull 

 browns and grays 



of winter to the 



brown - greens ami 

 greens of summer, 



rgrowtfa and undergrowth In 'lie 



olive greens of Bpring, the staid 

 and the brilliant colors of autumn. 

 The autumn colors are due to iutermingled shaded 

 of green, yellow, and red The coloration varies with 

 the kind of plant, the special location, and \\ on. 



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