e colo <;v 227 



book are really differenl phases of this subject. It con- 

 siders the habits, habitats, and modes of life of living 

 things the places in which they grow, li<>\\' they migrate 

 or are disseminated, means of collecting food, their times 

 and seasons of flowering, producing young, and the like. 



Review. What is a plant society? Why do plants grow in so- 

 cieties .' Name societies that are determined chiefly by moisture. 

 What societies are most abundant where you livel Name- those de- 

 termined by latitude and altitude. Name some small or local B< 

 ties. What are colonies .' Where are they most marked t Why !" 

 they tend finally to break up! How are ieti< - made up when colo- 

 nies are not present) ]l<>w do forests arise on cleared areas! What 

 effect have pasturing and mowing! How '!<> plants associate .' What 

 is undergrowth and overgrowth .' Explain how societies may differ al 

 different times of the year. What are zonal or 

 autumn colors. What is ecologj .' 



Note. One of the besl oi all Bubjecta for school instruction in 

 botany is the Btudy of plant societies. It adds definiteness and 

 to excursions. Let one excursion be confined to one or two - 

 Visit oiii- day a Bwamp, another day a forest, another a pastun 

 meadow, another a roadside, another a weedy field, another a cliff or 

 ravine, etc. Visit Bhores whenever possible. Each pupil Bhould be 



gned a bit of ground say id or 20 ft. square for Bpei J Btudy. 

 He Bhould make a list Bhowing I l ) how many kinds c>i plants it i 

 tains, (2) the relative abundance of each. The I ats secured in dil 

 cut regions should be compared. Ii does not f the pupil doen 



no1 know all theplants. He may count the kinds without knowing the 



names. It is a g l plan for the pupil \<> ma 



each k i 1 1< I for ref< pence. The pupil should i"iid*avor to d 

 the plants grow as they do. Cliallcntji 



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