CUPULIFEE.E 



299 



and 8-10 stamens: fertile flowers 2, in a close involucre, ripening into _' 

 three-cornered "beech ants" in a 4-valved bur. 



* 



F. Americana, Ait. American beech. Close-grained, hard-w i tree, 



with light colored bark: leaves ovate-oblong and acuminate, coarsely serrate, 

 usually with '. or more pair- of nerves: nuts ripening in the fall, and much 

 sought by l K\s ami squirrels. A common foresl tree. 



F. sylvatica, Linn. European beech. Pig. 138. Of ten planted, particularly 

 in the form of the Purple-leaved and Weeping beech : foliage differs in being 

 mostly smaller, ovate or elliptic, small-toothed, with ;i ..> Less pairs of nerves. 



2. CASTANEA. Chestni t. 



Forest trees, with rough, furrowed hark: sterile Bowers with 4-7-lobed 

 calyx and 8-20 stamens in verj long, erect or spreading .'atkins, which 

 appear in clusters in midsummer: fertile flowers about '' in an involucre, 

 producing "chestnuts " in a spiny bur. 



C. Americana, Etaf. American chestnut. Pig. 241. Tall, straight- 

 grained tree, with large, broad and thin, oblong-lanceolate leaves, which are 

 taper-pointed, and have large teeth with spreading spines: nuts usually 1 in. 

 or less across, sweet. Grows as far west a- Mich., and south to Mi--. 



C. sativa, Mill. European rhestnut. Less tall: leaves smaller and 

 narrower, more pubescent when young, not long-acuminate, the teeth smaller 

 and their spines more incurved: nut- l in. or more across, nor -.. sweet as 

 ili..-,- ,.f tin- Aiinrii-aii chestnut. Europe. Very commonly planted. 



.'t. QUERCUS. Oak. 



Strong, close grained trees, with mostly laterally I. .hod leaves: Bterile 

 flowers in clustered hanging catkins, with a 1-7 lobed calyx, ami .'t-li' Bta- 

 mens: fertile on.- in a -hallow Involucre which becomes the oup of the 

 acorn, tin- stigma 3-lobed: fruil an acorn. See Pig. 212, which represents 

 tin- English oak [Q, Robur) often planted in choice grounds. 



a. 117/./. '//. group, distinguished by its light gray scaly bark, rounded 

 lobes or teeth "t tin leaves, and tin acorns maturing tin first year. 

 Q. vin ns ha- nearlj or quite entire h-a\ es.j 



Q. alba, Linn. 117.//. oak. Pig. 111. Leaves ohovate, 5 or 6 Inches 

 Long, the lobes usually 7 and at equal distances apart, and the sinuses 

 deep or- -hallow : acorn -mall, with a rather shal- 

 low and not fringed cup. The com nest species. 





ill. Quercua alba. 



/ / r 



t i ' Qaei ii macrocarpa 1 1 ' .' Prinas. 



/'. '>'. Pig, 142. Leaves obovate, downy 



Q. macrocarpa, Miclix. 

 or pale on the lower surface, toothed towards the tips and Irregular!) and 



