334 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



aa. Twitting. 



L. Jap6nica, Thunb. (L. Halliana of gardens). Fig. 495. Weak twiner, 

 with oblong or ovate entire nearly evergreen leaves : flowers small, on short 

 pedicels, fragrant, opening white or blush but changing to yellow. Japan; 

 much cultivated. 



L. Periclymenum, Linn. Probably the commonest of the old-fashioned 

 climbing honeysuckles (from Old World) : strong and woody: leaves oblong- 

 ovate, not joined by their bases, entire, dark green above and pale beneath: 

 flowers large, reddish outside and yellow inside, very fragrant, in a dense, 

 long-stalked cluster. 



2. VIBURNUM. Aerowood. 



Erect shrubs, with simple leaves and small whitish flowers in broad 

 cymes: stamens 5: stigmas 1-3: fruit a small 1-seeded drupe 



a. Flowers all alike in the cyme. 



V. Lentago, Linn. Black haw. Sheepberry. Pig. 279. Tall shrub 

 (to 20 ft.): leaves ovate-pointed, finely and sharply serrate, shining above, 

 on long margined petioles: fruit % in. or more long, black. Common. 



V. acerfolium, Linn. Dockmackie. Arrowwood. Six ft. or less: leaves 

 3-lobed and maple-like, downy beneath: cyme small and slender-stalked : 

 fruit flat and small. Woods. 



aa. Flowers larger on the margin of the cyme. 



V. C-pulus, Linn. High-bush cranberry. Erect, 10 ft. or less: leaves 3- 

 lobed and toothed: outer flowers sterile and large: fruit an acid red edible 

 di - upe. Swamps. In cultivation all the flowers have become sterile, result- 

 ing in the "snowball." Compare Figs. 236, 237. 



V. tomentosum, Thunb. (V. plicatum of gardens). Japanese snowball. 

 Leaves not lobed, shallow-toothed, thickish, plicate: heads of sterile flowers 

 axillary, globular. Japan. 



3. SAMBtJCUS. Elder. 



Strong shrubs, with pinnate leaves and sharp-serrate leaflets: flowers in 

 dense corymbose cymes : calyx-teeth very small or none: corolla shallow, 

 open: stamens 5: stigmas 3: pith prominent in the stems. Common. 



S. racemosa, Linn. Red elder. Pith and berries red: flowers in spring 

 in pyramidal clusters: leaflets lanceolate, downy beneath. 



S. Canadensis, Linn. Common elder. White elder. Pith white: berries 

 black-purple, in late summer, edible: flower-clusters convex or nearly flat, 

 in summer: leaflets oblong, smooth. 



XXV. COMPOSITE. Composite or Sunflower Family. 



Mostly herbs, many of them very large, very various in foliage : 

 flowers small, densely packed into an involucrate head, 5-merous, 

 the corolla of the outer ones often developed into long rays: stamens 





