242 BRITISH FOREST TREES 



and accumulations of snow and ice do less injury to it than 

 to the less elastic Scots pine. Its insect enemies, in general 

 those of the Scots pine (Hylesinus piniperda, Fissodes 

 notatus, &c.), do on the whole little damage, and altogether 

 it is classifiable as rather a hardy forest tree. Roe and 

 red-deer select it eagerly for rubbing off their velvet, but 

 it possesses a strong recuperative power in respect to such 

 wounds. 



2. PITCH PINE (PINUS RIGIDA, Mill), was introduced from 

 North America about 1759. It attains a height of eighty 

 feet on sandy soils of good quality, but also thrives, and 

 yields good timber on those of inferior quality ; in general 

 its development is not so straight as might be wished. It 

 prefers a deep sandy or somewhat loamy soil, and an amount 

 of moisture varying from fresh to moist, although it can 

 still thrive either on a dry or on a wet soil. In tree-form 

 and root-development it generally resembles the Scots pine, 

 and like it is classifiable as light-loving, though not to the 

 same degree. It is strongly reproductive, beginning to bear 

 seed about the tenth year, and has the power of throwing 

 out shoots from the adventitious or dormant buds. It is 

 not liable to be damaged much by external influences either 

 of an organic or an inorganic nature. Finns australis 

 (Mich.) is also known as pitch pine. 



3. YELLOW PINE (Pmus PONDEROSA,) introduced from 

 North America in 1826, and 



4. JEFFREY'S PINE (PINUS JEFFREYI, Murr.) introduced 

 from Oregon and California in 1852, are very similar in their 

 normal requirements, and in their general qualities, to the 

 preceding species ; they yield good timber, and suffer less 

 from insect enemies than our indigenous Scots pine. The 

 former is, however, little able to withstand danger from frost. 



5. DOUGLAS FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASII, Carr) intro- 

 duced from Canada and the north-eastern States about 1826. 



