304 BRITISH FOREST TRI-.l-.> 



the smooth-barked bole, sunburn not infrequently leads to a 

 diseased condition of the timber. Other diseases of the stem 

 are due to the fungi Nectria ditissima and N. cinnabarina. 

 From insect pests it has not much to bear. Gastropacha 

 lanestris and Porthesia auriflua, as caterpillars, damage the 

 foliage and buds, along with those of six or seven less import- 

 ant moths, and the soft timber is at times badly bored by 

 the caterpillars of Cossus ligniperda and Zeuzera aesculi, and 

 the larvae of Xyloterus domesticus. Deer and cattle love to 

 browse on the young shoots and foliage, which are rich in 

 mucilaginous albuminoid substance, and red-deer are apt to 

 strip the bark both in winter and summer. Yet, on the whole, 

 the limes suffer but little from external dangers, and are, as 

 previously remarked, well endowed with recuperative power. 

 Any Sylvicultural Treatment of the Lime can hardly be 

 spoken of in Britain, or indeed throughout any part of 

 north-western Europe. Its proper place is rather in parks and 

 gardens, and for ornamental purposes generally, than in 

 woods along with other species whose timber is prized and 

 paid more highly. For avenues it is one of the favourite and 

 most beautiful trees, and is not liable to die off and leave 

 gaps here and there. Perhaps the most celebrated linden 

 avenue is that at Herrenhausen, near Hanover, formed 

 during the reign of George I. in 1726; it is 2,200 yards 

 long, and consists of four rows of large-leaved limes with 

 sixty feet between the central lines, and twenty feet between 

 the two outer rows, the trees being ranged alternately in the 

 lines at twenty feet apart. With its strong reproductive 

 power, it adapts itself well for pollarding and trimming into 

 fantastic shapes, and its peculiarities in this respect were 

 formerly much more utilised in quaint gardening than at 

 the present day, except in Holland and Belgium where the 

 old fashion still prevails. 



As fuel, its soft wood is of little value, but wherever 



