336 



BRITISH FOREST TREKS 



improving the soil, and in affording cover and food for game. 

 Where, however, they are apt to interfere with the thriving or 

 normal development of the more important species of forest 

 growth, they should invariably be removed. They are not 

 of sufficient sylvicultural importance to be treated of /';/ tx- 

 tenso, but the principal among them may be fitly enumerated, 

 the botanical equivalents being the names given by Linneus. 



Field maple (Acer campeslre). 



Barberry (Berberis vulgaris). 



Boxwood (Bnxns sempervirens). 



Nettle tree (Celt is australis). 



Dogwood or cornel (Conius san- 

 guinea and C. niascula). 



Hazel (Cory Ins avellana). 



Hawthorn, whitethorn, or haw- 

 tree (Crataegus oxyacantha). 



Laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum). 



Spindle-tree (Euonymus citro- 

 paeiis). 



Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhaiu- 

 noides). 



Holly (Ilex aquifolium). 



Wild cherry or gean (Primus 



avium). 

 Blackthorn or sloe (Primus 



spinosa). 



Crab apple (Pynts mains). 

 Buckthorn (Rkamnus eat hart ica). 

 Black alder or alder buckthorn 



(Rhamnus frangula). 

 Elder or Buntry-bush (Sambucus 



nigra and S. racemosa). 

 Bladder-nut (Staphylea pinnala). 

 Yew ( Taxus baccata). 

 Snowball-tree or mealy Viburnum 



( Viburnum Lantana). 

 Gelder-rose ( Viburnum opnltts). 



Juniper (Junipems cominunis). 

 The majority of these are recognised as hardwoods, but 

 hazel, juniper, black alder and elder are softwoods. In 

 point of interest or of technical value, yew, juniper, hazel, 

 alder, buckthorn, and hawthorn rank highest. 



Yew is the only one of the above which occurs in high forest. 

 A deep-rooted evergreen conifer, indigenous throughout the 

 whole of central and northern Europe and Asia, but occurring 

 most frequently in southern France, Italy, and Algiers, it has 

 long ceased to have any great technical value ; but where it 

 occurs spontaneously in woodlands, it is tended carefully as a 

 tree of interest. In general it is to be found on the uplands and 

 the lower hills, and has an unmistakable preference for soils 

 rich in lime. On whatever kind of soil it may be found, it is 

 characterised by slow growth, and by a length of life exceeding 



