r.KITISII FOREST TRI l> 339 



hedges or quaint bushes ; but for growth in its natural con- 

 dition, the male-flowering individuals are characterised by 

 more rapid and graceful development than the female. The 

 seed germinates in the second or third spring after ripening, 

 and is sown, either broadcast or in rills, on nursery-beds 

 under light shelter. Nursery-gardeners frequently reproduce 

 it by means of slips and layers, which are generally put out 

 as two-year-old transplants, as the roots are usually largely 

 developed by the third year. 



In parks and gardens the Virginian juniper or red cedar 

 ( [uni perns virginiana, L.) is a plant of common occurrence. 

 The wood of this tree is largely imported from America for 

 the manufacture of leadpencils. It grows on fresh, humose 

 sand, or on good limy soils, but is hardly of sylvicultural 

 importance, as it seldom attains more than forty feet in 

 height. Though on the whole a shade-bearing species, it 

 is not sufficiently so to be utilised as underwood under our 

 light loving indigenous forest trees. 



Hazel is a large shrub possessed of excellent reproductive 

 capacity in throwing out long, straight shoots from the stool, 

 and therefore often finding a home in coppice woods and 

 under standards in copse, where it sometimes yields a very 

 welcome and profitable addition to the outturn. It is to be 

 found on soils of all classes, but has a distinct preference 

 for those of a limy, loamy, marshy, or moist, humose, sandy 

 character. Whilst yielding a good return from nuts and 

 shoots in its proper place, it can often become a noxious 

 weed, interfering greatly with the development and vigorous 

 th of more desirable species of coppice-crops on land 

 under sylvicultural treatment. There are, however, in 

 Britain thousands of acres of vacant ground along the lines of 

 railway where, on soils less suitable for oak or osiers, the 

 cultivation of hazel-coppice with a rotation of twelve to six 

 teen years would yield good remunerative returns in small 



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