344 



INDEX 



Beech, period of rotation of, 164 

 pure forests of, 164, 166 

 requiiements as to light, 159 



soil and situation, 157 

 sylvicultural treatment of, 162 

 tree-form and root-system of, 



156 



woods, artificial formation and 



reproduction of, 184 

 natural reproduction of, 



165, 166, 181 

 thinning of, 166 

 Birch, 13, 211 



distribution of, 211 

 external dangers to, 215 

 maturity and reproductive capa- 

 city of, 214 

 mixtures of beech and, 180, 



219 



Scots pine and, 71, 218 

 silver fir and, 127, 220 

 spruce and, 105, 220 

 requirements as to light, 213 



soil and situation, 213 

 sylvicultural treatment of, 215 

 tree-form and root-system of, 



213 



woods, formation and repro- 

 duction of, 221 

 Black pine, 13, 66, 104, 235 

 Bole, development of, 23, 254 

 Broad-leaved, deciduous trees, 13, 



29, 34, 155, 243 

 Brushwood in coppice, 335 



CANKER of beech, 161 



larch, 72, 140, 145 



silver fir, 1 1 8 

 Cembran pine, 13, 238 

 Chestnut, sweet or Spanish, 14, 283 



coppice, 285, 287, 289 



distribution of, 283 



external dangers to, 288 



maturity and reproductive capa- 

 c'ty, 286 



requirements as to light, 286 

 soil and situation, 284 



sylvicultural treatment of, 289 



Chestnut, tree-form and root-system 



of, 283 



Chief species of forest trees, 55 

 Clearance of forest, consequences of 



excessive, 8 

 Climate, requirements of trees as to, 



24 

 Climatic requirements of alder, 225 



ash, 244 



aspen, 313 



beech, 157 



birch, 213 



black pine, 236 



chestnut, 285 



Douglas fir, 243 



elm, 264 



hornbeam, 274 



horse-chestnut, 307 



larch, 141 



lime, 301 



maple, 253 



mountain ash, 291 



oak, 1 88 



poplars, 313 



Scots pine, 59 



silver fir, 115 



spruce, 86 



sycamore, 253 



Weymouth pine, 241 



white alder, 294 



willows, 321 

 Conifers, 13, 25, 26, 29, 34 : 52, 55, 



57,. 175, 235 

 Coppice of alder, 229, 234 



ash, 249 



beech, 165 



chestnut, 285, 287, 289 



hornbeam, 277, 280 



oak, 195, 201, 205 

 Corsican pine, 13, 66, 104, 235 



D 



DEER, damage done by, 62, 90, 



119, 145, 162 

 Density of woods, 21 

 Depth of soil necessary for different 



species of trees, 29 

 Distribution of forests in chief 



countries of Europe, 10 

 the United Kingdom, II 



