348 



INDEX 



Natural reproduction of oak woods, 



206 



Scots pine woods, 74 

 silver fir woods, 127, 130 

 spruce woods, 106, 108 



Non-indigenous trees of Britain, 2 



Nordmann's fir, 13, 239 



Norway maple, 14, 252 



Norway spruce, 13, 83 



Nutriment, requisite quantity of, 

 30 



O 



OAK, 13, 1 86 

 Oak as ruling species, 201 

 coppice, 195, 205 

 copse, 196 

 distribution of, 186 

 external dangers to, 191 

 fungoid diseases of, 192 

 insect enemies of, 191 

 maturity and reproductive ca- 

 pacity of, 190 



mixture of ash, elm, maple, and 

 sycamore with, 201 

 beech and, 169, 190, 191, 



200, 202, 207 

 conifers and, 105, 126, 



203, 204 

 hornbeam, 278 

 period of rotation of, 190, 196, 



200 



pure forests of, 199 

 requirements as to light, 189 



soil and situation, 188 

 sylvicultural treatment of, 193 

 tree-form and root-system of, 



187 

 woods, artificial formation and 



reproduction of, 204 

 natural reproduction of, 206 

 thinning of, 198 

 Osiers, 327 



Osier-beds, formation of, 328, 330 

 Outturn, 23, 44 



PERSISTENCE of foliage on conifers, 

 Pitch pine, 13, 242 



Planting of alder, 233 



ash, 251 



beech, 164, 166, 185 



chestnut, 290 



elm, 271 



hornbeam, 281 



larch, 153 



lime, 305 



maple and sycamore, 262 



oak, 209 



poplars, 314 



Scots pine, 79 



silver fir, 137 



spruce, ill 



white alder, 298 



willows, 326 

 Pollarding, 52, 304, 326 

 Poplars, 14, 310 



distribution of, 311 



external dangers of, 315 



fungoid diseases of, 316 



insect enemies of, 316 



maturity and reproductive ca 

 pacity of, 314 



requirements as to light, 313 

 soil and situation, 312 



tree-form and root-system, 311 

 Primeval forests of Europe, 19 

 Principal species of forest trees, 13 

 Productive capacity of soil, retention 



of, 1 6 

 Pure forests of alder, 228 



ash, 247 



beech, 164, 166 



birch, 215 



elm, 268 



larch, 148 



maple and sycamore, 257 



oak, 199 



Scots pine, 67 



silver fir, 122 



spruce, 94 



R 



REPRODUCTION from seed, 48 



shoots and suckers, 5 1 



period of, 54 

 Reproduction of alder woods, 234 



beech woods, 181, 184 



birch woods, 221 



