42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



this abruptly. At the intersection are four ornamental quadrants, 

 forming a quatrefoil with the surface ornamentation. The base 

 bears longitudinally the name of the former owner, Pandikaikawa, 

 an Ottawa chief. Two other fine crosses are in the same collection, 

 but they are of a different character. An account of these was given 

 in the Chicago Evening Post, Oct. 8, 1898. 



Two much like this, but without the central quadrants, were 

 figured and described by Mr Charles C. Jones in the Smithsonian 

 Report for 1881, p. 619. The drawings are half size, and show both 

 faces of each cross. In these the rings for suspension remain. One 

 cross is 8| inches long by 7^ wide; the other is 8 inches long by 7J 

 broad. They were taken from a grave-mould at Coosawattee Old 

 Town, Murray co. Ga., in 1832, and are fine examples. Mr Jones 

 said : " Indian relics were found associated with them. We incline 

 to the opinion that they may properly be referred to the expedition 

 of Hernando de Soto." As will be seen, their true date is the latter 

 part of the i8th century, or possibly later. In New York and 

 Canada they were in use but a few years ago. To show how little 

 these were thought of as symbols, it may be said that on one of the 

 Georgia crosses the owner had engraved an owl and a horse's head. 

 Morgan said that birds and beasts were sometimes engraved on 

 them, and two had the name of Montreal stamped in the center. 

 The writer obtained all his double crosses from one pagan family. 



Fig. 198 is from: Morgan's report in 1852, and is a reduced figure 

 of a cross 10 inches long and 6 wide. This he had from a Cayuga 

 at Grand River reservation in Canada. It is of the common form. 

 Fig. 209 is a smaller one from the League of the Iroquois, the size 

 of which is conjectural, but it is apparently about 5 inches long. In 

 the center it approaches the character of Mr Wyman's fine Ottawa 

 cross. 



Fig. 205 is a reduced drawing of a fine silver cross in the Rich- 

 mond collection, which is 9! inches long and 7J wide. The ring 

 for suspension remains. Each limb is foliated, and the name of 

 Montreal is stamped in the center. The writer did not learn its 

 history, but many seem to have been made at Montreal for general 

 trade purposes, and they are usually without any religious symbols 



