USIXG THE FLAG 191 



Section 125 Rules for Operators and Conventional Signals 



(a) To call a Station. Wave the flag through an arc of 180 in a plane at right 

 angles to the line connecting the two stations until acknowledged (or make the 

 station's call letter, if known). 



(fc) To break or stop the signals from the sending station. Make the signal QUT 

 front. 



(c) To start the sending station after breaking. Make the interrogatory signal 

 followed by the last word received correctly. The sender will then resume his message, 

 beginning with the word indicated by the receiver. 



(rf) To acknowledge the receipt of a message Signal R front followed by the 

 name or call letter of the receiver. 



Each word, abbreviation, or conventional sign is followed by front. 



To lessen the liability of error, numerals which occur in the body of a message 

 must be spelled out in full. 



CONVENTIONAL SIGNALS. 



End of word front. Repeat last message .... Interrogatory 



End of sentence front, front. three times. 



End of message. . . .front, front, front. Move to your right MR front. 



Error AA front. Move to your left M.L. front. 



Interrogatory - Move up MT T front. 



Acknowledgment, Move down MD front. 



or I understand R front Use your other flag UF front. 



Cease signalling- QRT front. Signal faster QRQ. front 



Wait a moment - Signal slower QRS front. 



Repeat after (word) ... .Interrogatory Finished (end of work) .. - 



(word). 



Section 126 Wigwag Codes 



Any of the codes previously described for the heliograph are equally applicable 

 to flag or wigwag signalling. The " 1 " of the Myer code is made by a motion to the 

 right, the dot of the International Morse code. The "2 " is a similar motion to the 

 left, The front is the " 3." 



In using the Alphabetical 'Square code, the number of motions to the right will 

 indicate the first figure of each symbol while those to the left indicate the second 

 figure of the symbols. The front may be used as with the other codes. This code 

 is best adapted to small flags and short ranges, where the motions may be very rapid. 



Section 127 Semaphore Signalling 

 1 WITH FLAGS 



In this system the letters depend OTI the position of one or both arms in relation 

 to the body. A point midway between the shoulders may be taken as the centre of a 

 circle, where the arms may be considered as being pivoted so that a complete circle 

 may be described by them. This method is rapid but useful only for distances of 

 2 miles or less, and requires two flags. It is, therefore, not so well adapted for forest 

 communication as is the wigwag. The semaphore alphabet is shown in Fig. 111. 



2 WITH FIXED SEMAPHORE 



An interesting application of the semaphore method may be made with a large 

 fixed-semaphore apparatus. This consists of a vertical staff or pole to which are 

 pivoted the signal arms. The pole should be high enough so that it is not obscured 



