CITY OF DURHAM 



and, perhaps, improved travelling may have 

 combined to direct fresh attention to the build- 

 ing. He took the edition of the Rites of Durham 

 pubHshed in 1672 by John Davies, of Kidwelly, 

 inserting some rather useful notes of his own 

 in the body of the work and adding an appendix 

 containing notes of recent personages buried in 

 the church. A reprint was issued in 1743 and 

 published by John Richardson. After this 

 comes a larger edition of the foregoing under the 

 title The Antiquities of the Abbey, or Cathedral 

 Church of Durham. It is a reprint of Hunter's 

 work, notes, appendix and all, with a particular 

 description of the Bishopric or County Palatine 

 of Durham and a list containing the names of 

 the various officers of the Church up to the year 

 1767, which is the date of the book, a list of 

 eminent Durham men and other matters. The 

 description of the county is based upon the 

 Magna Britannia of Cox. The editor of this 

 rather inaccurate volume was a local bookseller 

 called Pat. Sanderson at the sign of Mr. Pope's 

 Head in Saddler Street.-"^ There is no reason 

 to think that Dr. Hunter, who left Durham in 

 1757,'- had amthing to do with this performance. 

 Apparently no attempt was made to improve 

 upon Sanderson's book for many years. True, 

 a puff of the Butterby waters-^ and of the 

 advantages of Durham as a health resort had 

 been published by Dr. Wilson under the name 

 Spadacrene Dunelmensis, but this was not a 

 book for visitors.-'' At length Robert Henry 

 Allan, son of the more famous George Allan, of 

 Darlington, having come to reside in Durham, 

 renewed the line of local antiquaries interrupted 

 by Dr. Hunter's death in 1783 and brought out 

 his Historical and Descriptive View of the City 

 of Durham and its Environs.-^ The date is 

 1824 and the book is the direct parent of all 

 subsequent guides to the city.-^ 



We may now return from this review to the 

 year 1780, and the new civic era then inaugurated 

 and so pass to the modern period. The history 

 of the years that intervene between Egerton's 

 Charter and the Municipal Corporations Act of 

 1835 is not marked by any very startling events 

 of local occurrence. Moreover, the internal 



*^ For these notes see Dr. Fowler, Rites of Dur. 

 (Surt. Soc), Introd. pp. xiv-xx. 



22 Gyle's Diary, sub anno. 



2' It is quoted in Sanderson's Appendix. 



"Much later, in 1807, Dr. Clanny, afterwards in- 

 ventor of a safety lamp, published J History and 

 Analysis of the Mineral JVaters of Butterby near 

 Durham. 



*5 No doubt G. A. Cooke's County of Durham, a 

 convenient little book with map and itinerary, pub- 

 lished without date about 1825, was the chief through 

 guide for travellers. 



*' It is reviewed in Gent. Mag. (New Ser.), xvii (2), 

 429. 



record of what did take place is surprisingly 

 meagre. No very active antiquary was at 

 work to collect materials. Cade, who lived in 

 Durham from about 1775 to 1785, was engrossed 

 in speculation as to the Roman period. Hutch- 

 inson, who published the first volume of the 

 History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of 

 Durham in 1785, produced a second volume 

 in 1787, with a section of 320 pages relating to 

 the city and its environs, bringing it down to the 

 issue of the charter in 1780. His subsequent 

 researches until his death in 18 14 had to do with 

 localities and events outside the city. Mr. 

 R. H. AUan and Dr. Raine the elder, when they 

 came on the scene about 1820, were interested 

 in the more ancient Durham, making no col- 

 lection for their own days. Mr. Robert Surtees, 

 in his monumental History of Durham, is sur- 

 prisingly meagre in his record of events within 

 his own lifetime. The local newspapers do not 

 begin until 1814 and 1820, from which points 

 they are, of course, invaluable. The Newcastle 

 papers which cover the obscure years have no 

 very full tale to tell of Durham events. Our 

 transient glimpses reveal a certain amount of 

 activity. A woollen factory was started about 

 1780 behind St. Nicholas' Church, apparently 

 by the Corporation, and with funds of which 

 they are the trustees.-' The premises comprised 

 workrooms and a dye-house. What amount of 

 employment was given it does not seem possible 

 to determine. The lessee was Mr. John Star- 

 forth, under whose administration the work went 

 forward until 1809, when it was given up and 

 the premises were sold outright to Mr. Gilbert 

 Henderson. Under this gentleman the carpet 

 industry was introduced in 1814, giving some 

 repute for their manufacture to the city, and 

 providing increasing employment.-* It has 

 been already noticed that a wooUen manufactory 

 had been established by Elvet Bridge in 1715,^ 

 and it is probable that it continued separately. 

 In 1796 on the south of St. Oswald's Church, 

 Messrs. George and Henry Salvin removed their 

 machinery from Castle Eden and set up a cotton 

 manufactory and built houses for their work- 

 people. This was the most considerable acces- 

 sion to local industry that had yet been made, 

 but it had a most unfortunate ending in 1804, 

 when the whole enterprise was ruined by fire.^" 

 This disaster and the coincident decline of the 

 woollen manufactory proved a heavy blow to 



2' The rather obscure financial arrangements with 

 the Corporation are described by Carlton in his 

 Dur. Char. 9-1 1, 24. 



28 In 1872, the date of Carlton's book, 700 persons 

 were employed in the carpet industry. 



2' Cf. Surtees, op. cit. iv, 56. 



**> Surtees, op. cit. iv, 85, and with more description 

 in Table Book from the Newcastle papers sub anno. 



49 



